户外光照时长、遗传易感性与帕金森病发病：生活方式和维生素D的中介作用

Outdoor light spending time, genetic predisposition and incident Parkinson's disease: the mediating effect of lifestyle and vitamin D.

作者信息

Huang Yumei, Tian Shufan, Qiu Kangli, Xie Jinchi, Pan An, Liu Gang, Liao Yunfei

机构信息

Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China.

出版信息

J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Jul 3;44(1):235. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00992-2.

DOI:10.1186/s41043-025-00992-2

PMID:40611358

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12231335/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Previous studies suggest that outdoor sunlight exposure was associated with a lower risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the interaction of genetic predisposition and the potential role of lifestyle risk factors in mediating this association remains unclear from prospective evidence.

METHODS

A cohort study based on the UK Biobank enrolled participants between 2006 and 2010, with the latest follow-up in November 2022. In the prospective population-based study 375,599 UK adults aged 37–73 years were enrolled. The outdoor light time was assessed using a questionnaire survey to investigate how many hours were spent outdoors on typical summer and winter days. New-onset PD was identified through linkage with inpatient hospitalization and death registers. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used. The polygenic risk score (PRS) for PD comprised 44 single-nucleotide variants. The mediation analysis of lifestyle risk factors and vitamin D on this association was performed.

RESULTS

A total of 375,599 participants (mean age, 56.8 years; 46.3% males) were included, and 2,824 individuals were first-ever diagnosed with PD. Compared with the individuals with shorter outdoor light time, those with longer time in summer (HR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.68–0.88), in winter (HR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75–0.96), and on average (HR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73–0.93), were prone to have lower PD risk. There was a joint association between outdoor light time and genetic predisposition in PD incidence, and higher genetic risk of PD could be modifiably decreased through longer outdoor light exposure. In mediation analyses, physical activities mainly explained 15.83% on average, while the mediating effects of sleep patterns (2.71%) and vitamin D (4.91%) were relatively mild of the association between outdoor light time and PD, respectively.

CONCLUSION

In this cohort study, a longer duration of outdoor sunlight exposure was associated with a lower risk of PD, and was more pronounced in individuals with high genetic risk. This association was partly mediated by physical activity, sleep patterns, and vitamin D. These findings highlight the potential of promoting regular outdoor activities as a practical strategy to mitigate PD risk, especially among genetically susceptible individuals.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41043-025-00992-2.

摘要

背景

先前的研究表明，户外阳光照射与帕金森病（PD）风险较低有关。然而，从前瞻性证据来看，遗传易感性的相互作用以及生活方式风险因素在介导这种关联中的潜在作用仍不清楚。

方法

一项基于英国生物银行的队列研究纳入了2006年至2010年间的参与者，最新随访时间为2022年11月。在这项基于人群的前瞻性研究中，纳入了375,599名年龄在37 - 73岁的英国成年人。通过问卷调查评估户外光照时间，以调查在典型的夏季和冬季在户外度过的小时数。通过与住院和死亡登记记录的关联来确定新发的PD。使用多变量Cox比例风险回归模型。PD的多基因风险评分（PRS）由44个单核苷酸变异组成。对生活方式风险因素和维生素D在这种关联中的中介作用进行了分析。

结果

共纳入375,599名参与者（平均年龄56.8岁；46.3%为男性），2824人首次被诊断为PD。与户外光照时间较短的个体相比，夏季光照时间较长的个体（风险比[HR]0.77；95%置信区间[CI]，0.68 - 0.88）、冬季光照时间较长的个体（HR 0.85；9�% CI，0.75 - 0.96）以及平均光照时间较长的个体（HR 0.83；95% CI，0.73 - 0.93）患PD的风险较低。户外光照时间与PD发病的遗传易感性之间存在联合关联，通过更长时间的户外光照暴露可适度降低较高的PD遗传风险。在中介分析中，身体活动平均主要解释了15.83%，而睡眠模式（2.71%）和维生素D（4.91%）对户外光照时间与PD之间关联的中介作用相对较小。