Sanchez-Perez Ana, Llansola Marta, Cauli Omar, Felipo Vicente
Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Fundación Valenciana de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Valencia, Spain.
Cerebellum. 2005;4(3):162-70. doi: 10.1080/14734220510008003.
NMDA receptors in cerebellum have specific characteristics that make their function and modulation different from those of NMDA receptors in other brain areas. The properties of the NMDA receptor that modulate its function: Subunit composition, post-translational modifications and synaptic localization are summarized in an accompanying article. In this review we summarize how different signaling molecules modulate the function of NMDA receptors. The function of the receptors is modulated by the co-agonists glycine and serine and this modulation is different in cerebellum than in other areas. The NMDA receptor also has binding sites for polyamines that regulate its function. Other signaling molecules that modulate NMDA receptors function are: cAMP, neurotrophic factors such as BDNF, FGF-2 or neuregulins. These and other molecules allow an interplay between NMDA receptors and other receptors for neurotransmitters that may in this way modulate NMDA receptor function. This has been reported, for example, for metabotropic glutamate receptors. The expression and function of NMDA receptor is also modulated by synaptic activity, allowing an adaptation of the receptors function to the external inputs. NMDA receptors modulate important cerebral processes. NMDA receptors in different brain areas seem to modulate different processes. Cerebellar NMDA receptors play a special role in the modulation of motor learning and coordination. This is also briefly reviewed.
小脑中的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体具有特定特性，使其功能及调节方式不同于其他脑区的NMDA受体。调节其功能的NMDA受体特性，如亚基组成、翻译后修饰及突触定位，在随附文章中进行了总结。在本综述中，我们总结了不同信号分子如何调节NMDA受体的功能。该受体的功能受共激动剂甘氨酸和丝氨酸调节，且这种调节在小脑与其他区域有所不同。NMDA受体还有多胺结合位点，可调节其功能。其他调节NMDA受体功能的信号分子包括：环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、成纤维细胞生长因子-2（FGF-2）或神经调节蛋白等神经营养因子。这些及其他分子使得NMDA受体与其他神经递质受体之间能够相互作用，进而可能以此调节NMDA受体功能。例如，代谢型谷氨酸受体就有相关报道。NMDA受体的表达和功能也受突触活动调节，从而使受体功能适应外部输入。NMDA受体调节重要的大脑活动过程。不同脑区的NMDA受体似乎调节不同的过程。小脑NMDA受体在运动学习和协调的调节中发挥特殊作用。本文对此也进行了简要综述。
