Friel Karen
Department of Physical Therapy, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2005 Sep;13(5):326-35. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200509000-00006.
Prosthetic components for both transtibial and transfemoral amputations are available for patients of every level of ambulation. Most current suspension systems, knees, foot/ankle assemblies, and shock absorbers use endoskeletal construction that emphasizes total contact and weight distribution between bony structures and soft tissues. Different components offer varying benefits to energy expenditure, activity level, balance, and proprioception. Less dynamic ambulators may use fixed-cadence knees and non-dynamic response feet; higher functioning walkers benefit from dynamic response feet and variable-cadence knees. In addition, specific considerations must be kept in mind when fitting a patient with peripheral vascular disease or diabetes.
针对不同行走能力水平的患者，均有适用于小腿截肢和大腿截肢的假肢组件。目前大多数的悬吊系统、膝关节、足部/踝关节组件以及减震器都采用内骨骼结构，这种结构强调骨结构与软组织之间的全面接触和重量分布。不同的组件在能量消耗、活动水平、平衡和本体感觉方面提供不同的益处。活动能力较弱的患者可能使用固定步频的膝关节和无动态响应的足部；功能较高的行走者则受益于动态响应的足部和可变步频的膝关节。此外，为患有外周血管疾病或糖尿病的患者安装假肢时，必须考虑一些特殊因素。
