Versluys Rino, Beyl Pieter, Van Damme Michael, Desomer Anja, Van Ham Ronald, Lefeber Dirk
Robotics and Multibody Mechanics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2009 Mar;4(2):65-75. doi: 10.1080/17483100802715092.
Numerous prosthetic feet are currently on the market for individuals with a transtibial amputation, each device aimed at raising the 3C-level (control, comfort and cosmetics) with slightly different characteristics. In general, prosthetic feet can be classified into three categories. These are, following the time line: conventional feet (CF), energy-storing-and-returning (ESR) feet and the recent so-called 'bionic' feet. Researchers have shown enhanced performance properties of ESR feet compared with early CF. However, even with the advanced technology, none of the ESR feet is capable of significantly reducing energy cost of walking or enhancing prosthetic gait (Nielsen et al. J Prosthet Orthotics 1989;1:24-31; Waters et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976;58:42-46; Torburn et al. J Rehabil Res Dev 1990;27:369-384). From the 1990s, gradually more attention has been paid to the incorporation of active elements in prosthetic feet as the passive devices are not capable of providing the individual with sufficient ankle power during gait. Most part of the 'bionic' devices are still on the research level nowadays but one can expect that they will become available on the market soon. In this article, the evolution of prosthetic feet over the last two decades is reflected. The importance of mimicking human ankle-foot biomechanics with prosthetic feet is briefly discussed. Prior work in both objective and subjective evaluation of prosthetic gait is reported.
目前市场上有许多用于胫骨截肢患者的假肢脚，每个装置都旨在提升3C水平（控制、舒适度和美观度），但各有略微不同的特点。一般来说，假肢脚可分为三类。按照时间线依次为：传统脚（CF）、储能回能（ESR）脚以及最近所谓的“仿生”脚。研究表明，与早期的传统脚相比，储能回能脚具有更好的性能。然而，即便采用了先进技术，没有一款储能回能脚能够显著降低行走的能量消耗或改善假肢步态（尼尔森等人，《假肢与矫形器杂志》1989年；1：24 - 31；沃特斯等人，《美国骨与关节外科杂志》1976年；58：42 - 46；托伯恩等人，《康复研究与发展杂志》1990年；27：369 - 384）。从20世纪90年代起，人们逐渐更加关注在假肢脚中加入主动元件，因为被动装置在步态过程中无法为个体提供足够的踝关节动力。如今，大多数“仿生”装置仍处于研究阶段，但可以预期它们很快就会上市。本文反映了过去二十年假肢脚的发展历程。简要讨论了用假肢脚模仿人类踝足生物力学的重要性。报告了此前在假肢步态客观和主观评估方面的工作。
