Enzelsberger H
I. Universitäts-Frauenklinik, Wien.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 1992;142(5-6):115-9.
In climacteric women stress and urge incontinence often occur as a consequence of estrogen deficiency. Urinary incontinence is defined as involuntary discharge of urine associated with psychologic and hygienic problems. Of 3,248 women investigated between 1986 and 1990 at our Clinic for Climacteric Dysfunctions, Vienna, 1,039 women (32%) reported symptoms such as vaginal dryness, incontinence and problems with regard to cohabitation. Indications for estrogen replacement therapy in and/or after the climacteric period are urinary stress incontinence degree I, urge incontinence (pollakisuria, nycturia), atrophic urethritis as well as preoperative estrogen replacement. For therapeutic management both conjugated estrogens and estradiol as well as estriol preparations may be employed, taking the contraindications into account. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement is highly indicated with dysfunctions in the area of urethra and urinary bladder.
在更年期女性中，压力性尿失禁和急迫性尿失禁常因雌激素缺乏而发生。尿失禁被定义为与心理和卫生问题相关的尿液不自主排出。1986年至1990年间，在维也纳我们的更年期功能障碍诊所对3248名女性进行了调查，其中1039名女性（32%）报告了诸如阴道干燥、尿失禁和同居问题等症状。更年期期间和/或之后雌激素替代疗法的适应症为I度压力性尿失禁、急迫性尿失禁（尿频、夜尿）、萎缩性尿道炎以及术前雌激素替代。在考虑禁忌症的情况下，可使用结合雌激素、雌二醇以及雌三醇制剂进行治疗管理。绝经后雌激素替代疗法在尿道和膀胱区域功能障碍时强烈推荐使用。
