Ann ICRP. 2004;34(3-4):iii, 15-267, 269-80. doi: 10.1016/j.icrp.2004.12.002.
In the present report, ICRP provides information on radiation doses to the infant due to intakes of radionuclides in maternal milk. As in Publication 88 (ICRP, 2001) on doses to the embryo and fetus following intakes of radionuclides by the mother, intakes by female members of the public and female workers are addressed. Acute and chronic intakes are considered at various times before and during pregnancy as well as during the period of breastfeeding. Dose coefficients per unit intake by the mother (Sv/Bq) are given for the selected radionuclides of the same 31 elements for which age-specific biokinetic models were given in Publications 56, 67, 69, and 71 (ICRP, 1989, 1993, 1995a,b). For these elements, doses were calculated for the most radiologically significant natural or artificial radionuclides that might be released into the environment due to various human activities. Dose coefficients are also given in this report for radionuclides of an additional four elements: sodium, magnesium,phosphorus, and potassium. Relevant human and animal data on elemental and radionuclide transfer to milk are reviewed. The biokinetic models for adults given in earlier ICRP publications are adapted to include transfer to milk. Model predictions of fractional transfer of ingested or inhaled activity to milk are discussed in the report, and the corresponding dose coefficients for the infant are compared with dose coefficients for in utero exposure, as given in Publication 88 (ICRP, 2001). Illustrative information is also given on doses to the female breast from radionuclides in breastmilk, and external doses received by the child from radionuclides retained in the tissues of the mother. For the additional elements considered in this report, but not in Publication 88 (ICRP,2001), information is also given on doses to the embryo and fetus following maternal intakes of radioisotopes during or before pregnancy. A CD-ROM is to be issued giving data that will supplement the information given in this report. In addition to the dose coefficients given here, committed equivalent doses to the various organs and tissues of the offspring will be given. Dose coefficients will also be given for inhalation of a range of aerosol sizes for the selected radionuclides of the elements covered by this report.
在本报告中，国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）提供了有关母体乳汁中放射性核素摄入量对婴儿造成的辐射剂量的信息。与关于母亲摄入放射性核素后胚胎和胎儿所受剂量的第88号出版物（ICRP，2001年）一样，本报告涉及公众女性成员和女性工作人员的摄入量。考虑了怀孕前和怀孕期间以及母乳喂养期间不同时间的急性和慢性摄入量。针对母亲每单位摄入量的剂量系数（Sv/Bq），给出了与第56、67、69和71号出版物（ICRP，1989年、1993年、1995a、b）中给出的年龄特异性生物动力学模型相同的31种元素的选定放射性核素。对于这些元素，计算了由于各种人类活动可能释放到环境中的最具放射学意义的天然或人工放射性核素的剂量。本报告还给出了另外四种元素（钠、镁、磷和钾）的放射性核素的剂量系数。审查了有关元素和放射性核素向乳汁转移的相关人类和动物数据。ICRP早期出版物中给出的成人生物动力学模型经过调整，以纳入向乳汁的转移。报告中讨论了摄入或吸入的放射性活度向乳汁的分数转移的模型预测，并将婴儿的相应剂量系数与第88号出版物（ICRP，2001年）中给出的子宫内照射剂量系数进行了比较。还给出了关于母乳中放射性核素对女性乳房的剂量以及儿童从母亲组织中保留的放射性核素所接受的外照射剂量的说明性信息。对于本报告中考虑但第88号出版物（ICRP，2001年）中未考虑的额外元素，还给出了母亲在怀孕期间或怀孕前摄入放射性同位素后胚胎和胎儿所受剂量的信息。将发行一张光盘，提供补充本报告中信息的数据。除了此处给出的剂量系数外，还将给出后代各器官和组织的待积当量剂量。还将给出本报告所涵盖元素的选定放射性核素吸入一系列气溶胶粒径时的剂量系数。
