Ranney Thomas A, Harbluk Joanne L, Noy Y Ian
Transportation Research Center Inc., P.O. Box B-37, 10820 SR 347, East Liberty, OH 43319-0337, USA.
Hum Factors. 2005 Summer;47(2):439-54. doi: 10.1518/0018720054679515.
This work compares the degradation in driving performance associated with secondary tasks performed with voice-based and visual/manual interfaces, including radio tuning, phone dialing, and more complex tasks involving a sequence of interactions with an in-vehicle computer system. Twenty-one participants drove an instrumented vehicle while performing a combination of car-following, peripheral target detection, and secondary tasks on a closed test track. Drivers compensated for increased task demands associated with secondary tasks by increasing their following distance. Performing secondary tasks also resulted in significant decrements to vehicle control, target detection, and car-following performance. The voice-based interface helped reduce the distracting effects of secondary task performance. Modest improvements were observed for measures of vehicle control and target detection but not for car following. The results indicated that performing in-vehicle tasks required diversion of both peripheral (visual and manual) and attentional (cognitive) resources from driving. The voice-based interface reduced the peripheral impairment but did not appreciably reduce the attentional impairment. Actual or potential applications of this research include improvements to the design of invehicle information systems and the development of evaluation protocols to assess their distraction potential.
这项研究比较了使用语音界面和视觉/手动界面执行次要任务时驾驶性能的下降情况，这些次要任务包括收音机调台、拨打电话以及与车载计算机系统进行一系列交互的更复杂任务。21名参与者在封闭测试轨道上驾驶一辆装有仪器的车辆，同时进行跟车、周边目标检测和次要任务的组合。驾驶员通过增加跟车距离来补偿与次要任务相关的增加的任务需求。执行次要任务也导致车辆控制、目标检测和跟车性能显著下降。基于语音的界面有助于减少次要任务执行的干扰影响。在车辆控制和目标检测方面观察到适度改善，但在跟车方面没有。结果表明，执行车载任务需要从驾驶中转移周边（视觉和手动）和注意力（认知）资源。基于语音的界面减少了周边损伤，但没有明显减少注意力损伤。这项研究的实际或潜在应用包括改进车载信息系统的设计以及开发评估协议以评估其分心潜力。
