Marttila Timo I, Karikoski Jukka O
Audiological Department, Ear-, Nose and Throat Clinic, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4 E, FIN-00029 HUS 29, Helsinki, Finland.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006 Mar;70(3):475-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.07.028. Epub 2005 Sep 19.
The aim was to study the factors contributing to the mode of hearing aid use in children, with special emphasis on hearing loss variables and detection delay.
The subjects were 328 children and adolescents (58.5% boys, 41.5% girls) aged 1-18 years with hearing loss of > or =30 dB HL in the better ear fitted with hearing aid(s). The study was cross-sectional analysing the mode of using the aid binaurally/unilaterally or not at all.
The children with hearing-impairment ranging from 50 to 90 dB HL used more regularly their hearing aids. In the subjects with hearing loss > or =80 dB HL the presence of measurable hearing threshold at 4 kHz related significantly to the acceptance of amplification (p=0.027). In 19% of the subjects hearing aid was discarded. Bilateral amplification was used in 38%. Unilateral use was the prevailing mode (44%). The younger the children (p=0.000) and the worse their hearing loss (p=0.008), the more regular their bilateral use was. Early detection of hearing loss and early hearing aid fitting promoted binaural hearing aid use (p=0.004). A marked asymmetry in pure tone thresholds was a significant audiological reason for fixed unilateral hearing device use (38%, p=0.001).
The study shows that early detection of hearing loss and early habilitation of hearing increase bilateral use of hearing device and decrease the number of nonusers. Furthermore, residual unaided hearing at 4 kHz significantly improves the use of device.
研究影响儿童助听器使用方式的因素，特别关注听力损失变量和检测延迟。
研究对象为328名1至18岁的儿童和青少年（男孩占58.5%，女孩占41.5%），其较好耳听力损失≥30 dB HL并已佩戴助听器。本研究为横断面研究，分析双耳/单耳使用助听器或根本不使用的情况。
听力损失在50至90 dB HL之间的儿童更经常使用助听器。在听力损失≥80 dB HL的受试者中，4 kHz处可测量的听力阈值与助听器的接受程度显著相关（p = 0.027）。19%的受试者丢弃了助听器。38%的受试者使用双侧放大。单侧使用是主要方式（44%）。儿童年龄越小（p = 0.000）且听力损失越严重（p = 0.008），其双侧使用助听器就越规律。听力损失的早期检测和助听器的早期佩戴促进了双耳助听器的使用（p = 0.004）。纯音阈值的明显不对称是固定单侧使用听力设备的一个重要听力学原因（38%，p = 0.001）。
该研究表明，听力损失的早期检测和听力的早期康复增加了听力设备的双侧使用，并减少了不使用者的数量。此外，4 kHz处的残余未助听听力显著改善了设备的使用。
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