Köhrle J, Jakob F, Contempré B, Dumont J E
Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, D-10098 Berlin, Germany.
Endocr Rev. 2005 Dec;26(7):944-84. doi: 10.1210/er.2001-0034. Epub 2005 Sep 20.
Recent identification of new selenocysteine-containing proteins has revealed relationships between the two trace elements selenium (Se) and iodine and the hormone network. Several selenoproteins participate in the protection of thyrocytes from damage by H(2)O(2) produced for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Iodothyronine deiodinases are selenoproteins contributing to systemic or local thyroid hormone homeostasis. The Se content in endocrine tissues (thyroid, adrenals, pituitary, testes, ovary) is higher than in many other organs. Nutritional Se depletion results in retention, whereas Se repletion is followed by a rapid accumulation of Se in endocrine tissues, reproductive organs, and the brain. Selenoproteins such as thioredoxin reductases constitute the link between the Se metabolism and the regulation of transcription by redox sensitive ligand-modulated nuclear hormone receptors. Hormones and growth factors regulate the expression of selenoproteins and, conversely, Se supply modulates hormone actions. Selenoproteins are involved in bone metabolism as well as functions of the endocrine pancreas and adrenal glands. Furthermore, spermatogenesis depends on adequate Se supply, whereas Se excess may impair ovarian function. Comparative analysis of the genomes of several life forms reveals that higher mammals contain a limited number of identical genes encoding newly detected selenocysteine-containing proteins.
最近对新的含硒代半胱氨酸蛋白质的鉴定揭示了两种微量元素硒（Se）和碘与激素网络之间的关系。几种硒蛋白参与保护甲状腺细胞免受甲状腺激素生物合成过程中产生的H₂O₂的损伤。碘甲状腺原氨酸脱碘酶是有助于全身或局部甲状腺激素稳态的硒蛋白。内分泌组织（甲状腺、肾上腺、垂体、睾丸、卵巢）中的硒含量高于许多其他器官。营养性硒缺乏导致硒潴留，而补充硒后，内分泌组织、生殖器官和大脑中会迅速积累硒。诸如硫氧还蛋白还原酶等硒蛋白构成了硒代谢与氧化还原敏感配体调节的核激素受体转录调控之间的联系。激素和生长因子调节硒蛋白的表达，反之，硒供应调节激素作用。硒蛋白参与骨代谢以及内分泌胰腺和肾上腺的功能。此外，精子发生依赖于充足的硒供应，而硒过量可能损害卵巢功能。对几种生命形式的基因组进行比较分析发现，高等哺乳动物中编码新检测到的含硒代半胱氨酸蛋白质的相同基因数量有限。
