Ferreira Celma Maria, Sinhorin Valéria Dornelles Gindri, Hoshiba Márcio Aquio, Abreu Janessa Sampaio de
Animal Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil.
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Nov 22;13(12):959. doi: 10.3390/biology13120959.
The present study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses to transport stress in juvenile tambaqui () fed a diet supplemented with hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet; Selisseo, Adisseo) and determine through stress biomarkers whether selenium supplementation could reduce the impact of transport stress on tambaqui resilience. Juvenile fish (15.71 ± 1.90 g) were randomly distributed into five experimental groups; one fed a basal diet without inclusion of OH-SeMet (0.0 mg Se/kg) and four other groups fed supplemented diets with selenium in the form of OH-SeMet at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 mg Se/kg over 75 days. After this period, the fish were transported for 4 h in plastic bags (60 L), and sampling took place before transport (baseline), immediately after transport, and 24 h later. The effects of dietary OH-SeMet in tambaqui challenged by transport were studied in terms of antioxidative status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase, and reduced glutathione); stress markers (serum cortisol, blood glucose, ionic and hematological parameters), and immunological status (respiratory burst activity and total protein, A/G ratio). Following transport, we observed an elevation in cortisol and blood glucose concentrations, accompanied by hemoconcentration, as evidenced by elevated hematocrit, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Additionally, there was a decrease in immune response, indicated by reduced respiratory activity of leukocytes and an osmotic imbalance, which culminated in hypochloremia, increased plasma protein concentration, and a rise in red blood cell volume, all of which were measured 24 h after the stressor was applied. Twenty-four hours after transport, the antioxidant defense system was activated, and no recovery of homeostasis was observed for most of the parameters analyzed. The dietary inclusion of selenium did not alleviate the hormonal, metabolic, hematological, and ionic changes caused by transport, but at a concentration of 0.9 mg Se/kg, it was able to increase the activity of enzymes related to oxidative stress (catalase and superoxide dismutase, mainly) in tambaqui juveniles submitted to this challenge.
本研究旨在评估以添加了羟基硒代蛋氨酸（OH-SeMet；赛乐硒，安迪苏公司）的饲料喂养的幼年 tambaqui（ ）对运输应激的生理反应，并通过应激生物标志物确定补充硒是否可以减轻运输应激对 tambaqui 恢复力的影响。将幼鱼（15.71 ± 1.90 g）随机分为五个实验组；一组投喂不添加 OH-SeMet 的基础饲料（0.0 mg 硒/千克），其他四组在 75 天内投喂添加了浓度为 0.3、0.6、0.9 和 1.2 mg 硒/千克的 OH-SeMet 形式的硒的补充饲料。在此期间过后，将鱼装在塑料袋（60 升）中运输 4 小时，并在运输前（基线）、运输后立即以及 24 小时后进行采样。从抗氧化状态（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶和还原型谷胱甘肽）、应激标志物（血清皮质醇、血糖、离子和血液学参数）以及免疫状态（呼吸爆发活性和总蛋白、A/G 比值）方面研究了运输对 tambaqui 产生应激时日粮中 OH-SeMet 的影响。运输后，我们观察到皮质醇和血糖浓度升高，同时伴有血液浓缩，这可通过血细胞比容、红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）升高得到证明。此外，免疫反应降低，表现为白细胞呼吸活性降低以及渗透失衡，最终导致低氯血症、血浆蛋白浓度升高和红细胞体积增加，所有这些都是在施加应激源后 24 小时测量的。运输 24 小时后，抗氧化防御系统被激活，并且在所分析的大多数参数中未观察到内环境稳态的恢复。日粮中添加硒并未减轻运输引起的激素、代谢、血液学和离子变化，但在 0.9 mg 硒/千克的浓度下，它能够增加遭受此应激的幼年 tambaqui 中与氧化应激相关的酶（主要是过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶）的活性。
