Schomburg Lutz, Köhrle Josef
Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie und Endokrinologisches Forschungs-Centrum der Charité EnForCé, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Nov;52(11):1235-46. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200700465.
The trace elements iodine and selenium (Se) are essential for thyroid gland functioning and thyroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism. While iodine is needed as the eponymous constituent of the two major thyroid hormones triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), and tetraiodo-L-thyronine (T4), Se is essential for the biosynthesis and function of a small number of selenocysteine (Sec)-containing selenoproteins implicated in thyroid hormone metabolism and gland function. The Se-dependent iodothyronine deiodinases control thyroid hormone turnover, while both intracellular and secreted Se-dependent glutathione peroxidases are implicated in gland protection. Recently, a number of clinical supplementation trials have indicated positive effects of increasing the Se status of the participants in a variety of pathologies. These findings enforce the notion that many people might profit from improving their Se status, both as a means to reduce the individual health risk as well as to balance a Se deficiency which often develops during the course of illness. Even though the underlying mechanisms are still largely uncharacterised, the effects of Se appear to be exerted via multiple different mechanisms that impact most pronounced on the endocrine and the immune systems.
微量元素碘和硒（Se）对于甲状腺功能以及甲状腺激素的生物合成与代谢至关重要。碘是两种主要甲状腺激素——三碘-L-甲状腺原氨酸（T3）和四碘-L-甲状腺原氨酸（T4）的同名组成成分，而硒对于少数含硒代半胱氨酸（Sec）的硒蛋白的生物合成和功能必不可少，这些硒蛋白与甲状腺激素代谢及腺体功能有关。硒依赖性碘甲状腺原氨酸脱碘酶控制甲状腺激素的周转，而细胞内和分泌型硒依赖性谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶都与腺体保护有关。最近，一些临床补充试验表明，提高参与者在各种病症中的硒水平具有积极效果。这些发现强化了这样一种观念，即许多人可能会从改善硒水平中受益，这既是降低个人健康风险的一种手段，也是平衡疾病过程中经常出现的硒缺乏的一种方式。尽管其潜在机制在很大程度上仍未明确，但硒的作用似乎是通过多种不同机制发挥的，这些机制对内分泌和免疫系统的影响最为显著。
