Costello E Jane, Egger Helen, Angold Adrian
Center for Developmental Epidemiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;44(10):972-86. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000172552.41596.6f.
To review recent progress in child and adolescent psychiatric epidemiology in the area of prevalence and burden.
The literature published in the past decade was reviewed under two headings: methods and findings.
Methods for assessing the prevalence and community burden of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders have improved dramatically in the past decade. There are now available a broad range of interviews that generate DSM and ICD diagnoses with good reliability and validity. Clinicians and researchers can choose among interview styles (respondent based, interviewer based, best estimate) and methods of data collection (paper and pencil, computer assisted, interviewer or self-completion) that best meet their needs. Work is also in progress to develop brief screens to identify children in need of more detailed assessment, for use by teachers, pediatricians, and other professionals. The median prevalence estimate of functionally impairing child and adolescent psychiatric disorders is 12%, although the range of estimates is wide. Disorders that often appear first in childhood or adolescence are among those ranked highest in the World Health Organization's estimates of the global burden of disease.
There is mounting evidence that many, if not most, lifetime psychiatric disorders will first appear in childhood or adolescence. Methods are now available to monitor youths and to make early intervention feasible.
回顾儿童和青少年精神疾病流行病学在患病率和负担方面的近期进展。
在“方法”和“研究结果”两个标题下对过去十年发表的文献进行了回顾。
在过去十年中，评估儿童和青少年精神疾病患病率及社区负担的方法有了显著改进。现在有多种访谈方法可产生具有良好信度和效度的DSM和ICD诊断。临床医生和研究人员可以在最符合其需求的访谈方式（基于受访者、基于访谈者、最佳估计）和数据收集方法（纸笔、计算机辅助、访谈者或自我完成）中进行选择。开发简短筛查工具以识别需要更详细评估的儿童的工作也在进行中，供教师、儿科医生和其他专业人员使用。功能受损的儿童和青少年精神疾病的患病率估计中位数为12%，尽管估计范围很广。在世界卫生组织对全球疾病负担的估计中，许多常在儿童期或青少年期首次出现的疾病名列前茅。
越来越多的证据表明，许多（即便不是大多数）终生精神疾病会在儿童期或青少年期首次出现。现在已有方法来监测青少年并使早期干预可行。
