Benjet Corina, Borges Guilherme, Medina-Mora Maria Elena, Zambrano Joaquin, Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio
National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente, Division of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;50(4):386-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01962.x. Epub 2008 Nov 19.
Because the epidemiologic data available for adolescents from the developing world is scarce, the objective is to estimate the prevalence and severity of psychiatric disorders among Mexico City adolescents, the socio-demographic correlates associated with these disorders and service utilization patterns.
This is a multistage probability survey of adolescents aged 12 to 17 residing in Mexico City. Participants were administered the computer-assisted adolescent version of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview by trained lay interviewers in their homes. The response rate was 71% (n = 3005). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed considering the multistage and weighted sample design of the survey.
One in every eleven adolescents has suffered a serious mental disorder, one in five a disorder of moderate severity and one in ten a mild disorder. The majority did not receive treatment. The anxiety disorders were the most prevalent but least severe disorders. The most severe disorders were more likely to receive treatment. The most consistent socio-demographic correlates of mental illness were sex, dropping out of school, and burden unusual at the adolescent stage, such as having had a child, being married or being employed. Parental education was associated with treatment utilization.
These high prevalence estimates coupled with low service utilization rates suggest that a greater priority should be given to adolescent mental health in Mexico and to public health policy that both expands the availability of mental health services directed at the adolescent population and reduces barriers to the utilization of existing services.
由于来自发展中世界的青少年的流行病学数据稀缺，目的是估计墨西哥城青少年中精神障碍的患病率和严重程度、与这些障碍相关的社会人口学关联因素以及服务利用模式。
这是一项对居住在墨西哥城的12至17岁青少年进行的多阶段概率调查。由经过培训的非专业访谈员在参与者家中对其进行计算机辅助的青少年版世界心理健康综合国际诊断访谈。回复率为71%（n = 3005）。考虑到调查的多阶段和加权样本设计，进行了描述性和逻辑回归分析。
每十一名青少年中就有一人患有严重精神障碍，五分之一的人患有中度严重程度的障碍，十分之一的人患有轻度障碍。大多数人未接受治疗。焦虑症是最普遍但最不严重的障碍。最严重的障碍更有可能接受治疗。精神疾病最一致的社会人口学关联因素是性别、辍学以及青少年阶段不寻常的负担，例如生育、结婚或就业。父母教育与治疗利用相关。
这些高患病率估计值加上低服务利用率表明，墨西哥应更加重视青少年心理健康以及公共卫生政策，既要扩大针对青少年人群的心理健康服务的可及性，又要减少利用现有服务的障碍。
