Mousley Angela, Moffett Christy L, Duve Hanne, Thorpe Alan, Halton David W, Geary Timothy G, Thompson David P, Maule Aaron G, Marks Nikki J
Parasitology Research Group, School of Biology and Biochemistry, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland, UK.
Int J Parasitol. 2005 Dec;35(14):1557-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.08.002. Epub 2005 Sep 7.
Allatostatins are the largest family of known arthropod neuropeptides. To date more than 150 different arthropod type-A allatostatins have been identified and are characterized by the C-terminal signature, (Y/F)XFG(L/I)amide. Using specific allatostatin antisera, positive immunoreactivity has been identified within the central and peripheral nervous systems of the flatworm (platyhelminth) Procerodes littoralis and the roundworm (nematode) Panagrellus redivivus. Comparative analyses of the allatostatin-like immunoreactivity and that of other known helminth neuropeptides (FMRFamide-like peptides [FLPs]) indicate differences in the distribution of these peptide families. Specific differences in neuropeptide distribution have been noted within the pharyngeal innervation of flatworms and in the cephalic papillary neurons of nematodes. In arthropods, type-A allatostatins have functions that include potent myoactivity. In this study, seven members of the allatostatin superfamily induced concentration-dependent contractions of flatworm muscle fibres. Pharmacological studies indicate that these peptides do not interact with muscle-based FLP receptors. The type-A allatostatins, therefore, represent the second family of neuropeptides that induce muscle contraction in flatworms. Although the majority of arthropod type-A allatostatins examined did not affect the somatic body wall muscle or the ovijector of the pig nematode, Ascaris suum, two type-A allatostatins (GDGRLYAFGLamide and DRLYSFGLamide) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the A. suum ovijector at 10 microM. These data suggest that allatostatin-like peptides and receptors occur in helminths. Further, although arthropod type-A allatostatins display inter-phyla activities, their receptors are less compelling as potential targets for broad-spectrum parasiticides (endectocides) than FLP receptors.
咽侧体抑制素是已知节肢动物神经肽中最大的家族。迄今为止，已鉴定出150多种不同的节肢动物A型咽侧体抑制素，其特征在于C端序列为(Y/F)XFG(L/I)酰胺。使用特异性咽侧体抑制素抗血清，在扁形虫（扁形动物）滨海前殖吸虫和蛔虫（线虫）重生滑刃线虫的中枢和外周神经系统中已鉴定出阳性免疫反应性。对咽侧体抑制素样免疫反应性与其他已知蠕虫神经肽（FMRF酰胺样肽[FLPs]）的比较分析表明，这些肽家族的分布存在差异。在扁形虫的咽部神经支配和线虫的头部乳头神经元中已注意到神经肽分布的特定差异。在节肢动物中，A型咽侧体抑制素具有包括强效肌活性在内的功能。在本研究中，咽侧体抑制素超家族的七个成员诱导扁形虫肌肉纤维产生浓度依赖性收缩。药理学研究表明，这些肽不与基于肌肉的FLP受体相互作用。因此，A型咽侧体抑制素代表了诱导扁形虫肌肉收缩的第二类神经肽。尽管所检测的大多数节肢动物A型咽侧体抑制素对猪线虫猪蛔虫的体壁肌肉或排卵器没有影响，但两种A型咽侧体抑制素（GDGRLYAFGL酰胺和DRLYSFGL酰胺）在10微摩尔浓度下对猪蛔虫排卵器表现出显著抑制作用。这些数据表明咽侧体抑制素样肽和受体存在于蠕虫中。此外，尽管节肢动物A型咽侧体抑制素表现出跨门活性，但与FLP受体相比
