Slykerman R F, Thompson J M D, Becroft D M O, Robinson E, Pryor J E, Clark P M, Wild C J, Mitchell E A
Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Acta Paediatr. 2005 Jul;94(7):832-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01997.x.
To investigate whether breastfeeding during infancy is a determinant of intelligence at 3.5 y.
Five hundred and fifty European children enrolled at birth in the Auckland Birthweight Collaborative Study were assessed at 3.5 y of age. Approximately half were small for gestational age (SGA < or =10th percentile) at birth and half were appropriate for gestational age (AGA >10th percentile). Duration of breastfeeding was recorded at maternal interview, and the intelligence of children was assessed using the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale. Regression analysis was used to calculate estimates of difference in intelligence scores between breastfeeding groups for the total sample and the group of SGA children. Analyses of the total sample were weighted to account for the disproportionate sampling of SGA children.
Breastfeeding was not significantly related to intelligence scores in the total sample despite a trend for longer periods of breastfeeding to be associated with higher intelligence scores. However, in the SGA group, breastfeeding was significantly related to IQ at 3.5 y. Small for gestational age children who were breastfed for longer than 12 mo had adjusted scores 6.0 points higher than those who were not breastfed (p=0.06).
Breastfeeding may be particularly important for the cognitive development of preschool children born small for gestational age.
研究婴儿期母乳喂养是否是3.5岁时智力的决定因素。
对奥克兰出生体重合作研究中出生时登记的550名欧洲儿童在3.5岁时进行评估。大约一半儿童出生时为小于胎龄儿（SGA≤第10百分位数），另一半为适于胎龄儿（AGA＞第10百分位数）。在对母亲的访谈中记录母乳喂养的持续时间，并使用斯坦福-比奈智力量表评估儿童的智力。采用回归分析计算总样本和小于胎龄儿组母乳喂养组之间智力得分差异的估计值。对总样本的分析进行加权，以考虑小于胎龄儿的不均衡抽样。
尽管母乳喂养时间越长与智力得分越高存在一定趋势，但在总样本中母乳喂养与智力得分无显著相关性。然而，在小于胎龄儿组中，母乳喂养与3.5岁时的智商显著相关。母乳喂养超过12个月的小于胎龄儿调整得分比未母乳喂养的儿童高6.0分（p = 0.06）。
母乳喂养对小于胎龄出生的学龄前儿童的认知发展可能尤为重要。
