Looney W J
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Br J Biomed Sci. 2005;62(3):145-54; quiz 1 p following 154. doi: 10.1080/09674845.2005.11732702.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (previously Pseudomonas maltophilia, Xanthomonas maltophilia) is highly resistant to antibiotics. It causes infections that result in increased morbidity, but not usually mortality, in patients with weakened host defences. The increase in S. maltophilia nosocomial infections is due to the changing nature of the hospital patient population and to changes in antibiotic usage. Detection, identification and susceptibility testing methods require improvement, and this complicates the comparison of published data. Susceptibility testing should be reserved for those isolates that are clearly associated with disease. Treatment can be difficult and may be complicated by biofilm formation. S. maltophilia can both acquire and transfer resistance to antibiotics. Future therapeutic development may be directed against biofilms and efflux mechanisms, in order to render the organism more susceptible to available antimicrobial agents.
嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌（以前称为嗜麦芽假单胞菌、嗜麦芽黄单胞菌）对抗生素高度耐药。它可引起感染，导致宿主防御功能减弱的患者发病率增加，但通常不会导致死亡。嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌医院感染的增加归因于医院患者群体性质的变化以及抗生素使用的改变。检测、鉴定和药敏试验方法需要改进，这使得已发表数据的比较变得复杂。药敏试验应仅用于那些与疾病明确相关的分离株。治疗可能困难，并且可能因生物膜形成而复杂化。嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌能够获得并转移对抗生素的耐药性。未来的治疗发展可能针对生物膜和外排机制，以使该菌对现有的抗菌药物更敏感。
