Antezza Mauro, Pitaevskii Lev P, Stringari Sandro
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and BEC Center, INFM-CNR, Via Sommarive 14, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy.
Phys Rev Lett. 2005 Sep 9;95(11):113202. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.113202. Epub 2005 Sep 7.
The Casimir-Polder-Lifshitz force felt by an atom near the surface of a substrate is calculated out of thermal equilibrium in terms of the dielectric function of the material and of the atomic polarizability. The new force decays like 1/z3 at large distances (i.e., slower than at equilibrium), exhibits a sizable temperature dependence, and is attractive or repulsive depending on whether the temperature of the substrate is higher or smaller than the one of the environment. Our predictions can be relevant for experiments with ultracold atomic gases. Both dielectric and metal substrates are considered.
根据材料的介电函数和原子极化率，计算了处于热非平衡状态下，基底表面附近原子所感受到的卡西米尔-波德-里夫希茨力。这种新的力在远距离时像1/z³那样衰减（即比平衡状态下衰减得慢），呈现出显著的温度依赖性，并且根据基底温度高于还是低于环境温度，该力表现为吸引力或排斥力。我们的预测可能与超冷原子气体的实验相关。同时考虑了介电基底和金属基底。
