Hollister M Catherine, Anema Marion G
Indian Health Service, Gallup.
J Dent Hyg. 2004 Summer;78(3):6.
Dental hygienists help their clients develop health promoting behaviors, by providing essential information about general health, and oral health in particular. Individual health practices such as oral self-care are based on personal choices. The guiding principles found in health behavior models provide useful methods to the oral health care providers in promoting effective individual client behaviors. Theories provide explanations about observable facts in a systematic manner. Research regarding health behavior has explored the effectiveness and applicability of various health models in oral health behavior modification. The Health Belief Model, Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change, Theory of Reasoned Action, Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and Sense of Coherence are examples of models that focus on individuals assuming responsibility for their own health. Understanding the strengths of each and their applicability to health behaviors is critical for oral health care providers who work with patients to adopt methods and modify behaviors that contribute to good oral health. This paper describes health behavior models that have been applied to oral health education, presents a critical analysis of the effectiveness of each model in oral health education, and provides examples of application to oral health education.
牙科保健员通过提供有关整体健康，尤其是口腔健康的基本信息，帮助他们的客户养成促进健康的行为。诸如口腔自我护理等个人健康行为基于个人选择。健康行为模型中的指导原则为口腔保健提供者促进有效的个体客户行为提供了有用的方法。理论以系统的方式对可观察到的事实进行解释。关于健康行为的研究探讨了各种健康模型在口腔健康行为改变中的有效性和适用性。健康信念模型、跨理论模型与变化阶段、理性行动理论、自我效能感、控制点和连贯感等都是关注个人对自身健康承担责任的模型示例。了解每种模型的优势及其对健康行为的适用性，对于与患者合作采用有助于良好口腔健康的方法并改变行为的口腔保健提供者来说至关重要。本文描述了已应用于口腔健康教育的健康行为模型，对每种模型在口腔健康教育中的有效性进行了批判性分析，并提供了在口腔健康教育中的应用示例。
