Nansai Keisuke, Moriguchi Yuichi, Suzuki Noriyuki
Research Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management, and Endocrine Disruptors and Dioxin Research Project, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Sep 15;39(18):7318-28. doi: 10.1021/es047951n.
This paper describes a practical approach to site-dependent life-cycle analysis (SDLCA) that differentiates site-dependent environmental impacts from a system's processes by considering the geographical conditions of each process. This approach converts an environmental output into its impacts by using site-dependent characterization factors (SDCFs). This approach defines an area-the Spatial Area of iMpact Equivalency (SAME)-within the boundaries of the geographical system during site-dependent life-cycle inventory (SDLCI) analysis and calculates an environmental output from a process for the SAMEs. Each SAME represents a collection of geographical areas with internally homogeneous environmental impacts and can be mapped using a geographic information system. Preparing a SDLCI and SDCFs based on SAMEs facilitates the implementation of SDLCA by permitting the use of fewer regions during SDLCI. To demonstrate application of the SAME approach, an embodied impact intensity was formulated; it quantifies the impact directly and indirectly on the basis of the unit activity of a sector by means of input-output analysis with SDCFs. The validity of using SAMEs for SDLCA is demonstrated through two case studies: one studying suspended particulate matter, and one studying benzene. In both cases, the impact intensities are calculated using the SAME approach and the results are compared with those of site-generic LCI.
本文描述了一种针对场地依赖生命周期分析（SDLCA）的实用方法，该方法通过考虑每个过程的地理条件，将场地依赖的环境影响与系统过程区分开来。这种方法通过使用场地依赖特征因子（SDCFs）将环境输出转化为其影响。该方法在场地依赖生命周期清单（SDLCI）分析过程中，在地理系统边界内定义一个区域——影响等效空间区域（SAME），并计算该区域内一个过程的环境输出。每个SAME代表具有内部均匀环境影响的地理区域集合，并且可以使用地理信息系统进行映射。基于SAMEs准备SDLCI和SDCFs，通过在SDLCI期间允许使用更少的区域，促进了SDLCA的实施。为了演示SAME方法的应用，制定了一个隐含影响强度；它通过使用带有SDCFs的投入产出分析，根据一个部门的单位活动直接和间接地量化影响。通过两个案例研究证明了在SDLCA中使用SAMEs的有效性：一个研究悬浮颗粒物，另一个研究苯。在这两个案例中，使用SAME方法计算影响强度，并将结果与通用场地生命周期清单（LCI）的结果进行比较。
