Arteaga-Troncoso Gabriel, Guerra-Infante Fernando, Rosales-Montaño Luz Maria, Díaz-García Francisco Javier, Flores-Medina Saúl
Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología. Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico.
Xenotransplantation. 2005 Nov;12(6):465-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2005.00249.x.
Swine infectious pathogens, especially viruses, represent a potential public health risk associated with the use of pig tissues for xenotransplantation in humans. We hypothesized that porcine circovirus type I (PCV-1) may infect human mononuclear cells, resulting in ultrastructural alterations of the target cells.
Transmission electron microscopy was used for evaluating ultrastructural alterations of human cells exposed to a PCV-infected PK15 cell line. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were developed for detecting PCV-1 in human mononuclear cells.
Morphological alterations of the human T cells exposed to PCV PK15 showed ''boomerang-shaped'' intracytoplasmic inclusions. Nucleocapsids appeared free, close to the nucleus, or contained into cytoplasmic vacuoles. Virions were observed near the surface of the human cells. A considerable number of mature virions and immature forms could be observed in the human cells that had a completely intact nuclear membrane with no alteration in the disposition of chromatin. PCV-1 particles were identified budding into typical Golgi saccules and vacuoles. Virions sized up to 23 nm in diameter, and appeared in the nucleus and in the periphery of the cellular core. PCV-1 infection was detected on CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD19+, and CD56+ human cells by PCR assay and FISH.
These results suggest that PCV has the capability of infecting human leukocytes in vitro, and should be considered a potential risk of viral transmission during xenotransplantation.
猪传染性病原体，尤其是病毒，是与在人类异种移植中使用猪组织相关的潜在公共卫生风险。我们推测猪圆环病毒I型（PCV-1）可能感染人单核细胞，导致靶细胞超微结构改变。
采用透射电子显微镜评估暴露于感染PCV的PK15细胞系的人细胞的超微结构改变。开发了聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测法和荧光原位杂交（FISH）法以检测人单核细胞中的PCV-1。
暴露于PCV PK15的人T细胞的形态学改变显示出“回飞镖状”胞质内包涵体。核衣壳呈游离状态，靠近细胞核，或包含在细胞质空泡中。在人细胞表面附近观察到病毒粒子。在核膜完全完整且染色质分布无改变的人细胞中可观察到大量成熟病毒粒子和不成熟形式。鉴定出PCV-1颗粒出芽进入典型的高尔基体囊泡和液泡中。病毒粒子直径达23nm，出现在细胞核和细胞核心周边。通过PCR检测法和FISH在CD4 +、CD8 +、CD14 +、CD19 +和CD56 +人细胞中检测到PCV-1感染。
这些结果表明PCV在体外具有感染人白细胞的能力，应被视为异种移植期间病毒传播的潜在风险。
