Wodak A, Stowe A, Ross M W, Gold J, Miller M E
Drug and Alcohol Services, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 1995;14(2):213-22. doi: 10.1080/09595239500185271.
One thousand two hundred and forty-five Sydney injecting drug users (IDUs) were interviewed by questionnaire in 1989 to determine demographic and behavioural characteristics. One-sixth (16.7%) were considered to be at low risk of HIV from either needle sharing or sexual transmission as they had either never shared injecting equipment, or had not shared for years, or cleaned their injecting equipment effectively on 100% of the occasions when they did share; and were either celibate or monogamous or, if they had multiple partners, had not had unsafe sex in the previous 6 months. Over half (50.7%) had either unsafe injecting or sexual behaviour with the remaining third (32.6%) engaging in both unsafe injecting and sexual practises. Women were more at risk from sharing injection equipment than men but men were more at risk from sexual transmission than women. Increasing age was associated with greater likelihood of safer sex but age had no effect on injecting practises. There was no relationship between unsafe injecting and sexual practises. Amphetamine use was associated with low risk injecting practises while heroin use was associated with low risk sexual transmission. These findings indicate appreciable residual risk behaviour sufficient to allow for at least a slow diffusion of HIV among injecting drug users.
1989年，通过问卷调查对1245名悉尼注射吸毒者进行了访谈，以确定其人口统计学和行为特征。六分之一（16.7%）的人因从未共用过注射设备、多年未共用或在共用注射设备时每次都能有效清洁，以及要么禁欲、要么实行一夫一妻制，或者即便有多个性伴侣但在过去6个月内未发生过不安全性行为，被认为通过共用针头或性传播感染艾滋病毒的风险较低。超过一半（50.7%）的人存在不安全注射或性行为，其余三分之一（32.6%）既存在不安全注射行为，也存在不安全性行为。女性因共用注射设备感染艾滋病毒的风险高于男性，但男性因性传播感染艾滋病毒的风险高于女性。年龄越大，进行安全性行为的可能性越大，但年龄对注射行为没有影响。不安全注射行为与性行为之间没有关联。使用安非他命与低风险注射行为相关，而使用海洛因与低风险性传播相关。这些研究结果表明，存在明显的残余风险行为，足以导致艾滋病毒在注射吸毒者中至少缓慢传播。
