Marsh A, Loxley W, Hawks D, Quigley A
National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 1995;14(2):201-12. doi: 10.1080/09595239500185261.
The Australian National AIDS and Injecting Drug Use Study was designed to monitor the risk behaviour of Australian injecting drug users (IDUs) in a number of major cities, and to estimate the seroprevalence of those interviewed. Differences in risk behaviour found across 2 years in Perth are reported. One hundred and ninety-six Perth IDUs were interviewed in 1989, and 150 in 1990 using the same survey questionnaire, with a small cohort of 38 respondents being followed up across the 2 years.Significant injecting differences between 1989 and 1990 in both the cohort and independent samples were found. In general, these amounted to a greater likelihood that a new needle and syringe would be used on each injecting occasion, and a greater use of bleach in 1990 than in 1989. The most common response of respondents who said they had changed their drug use behaviour in 1990 was to report ceasing to share needles, while the most common response in 1989 was reduced sharing. There was an increased use of condoms for vaginal intercourse with all partners in both studies across the 2 years. Seropositivity for all new cases across the 2 years was 1.75%. It is apparent that there has been a significant shift in risky behaviour in the direction of greater safety across the 2 years. There is also objective corroborative evidence in increased demand for sterile injecting equipment sold through pharmacists, although there is no evidence that drug use increased significantly during the same period. It is concluded that the availability of sterile needles and syringes should be maintained and improved and that emphasis should be placed on encouraging safer sexual behaviour among IDUs.
澳大利亚全国艾滋病与注射吸毒研究旨在监测澳大利亚一些主要城市注射吸毒者（IDU）的风险行为，并估算接受访谈者的血清阳性率。本文报告了珀斯地区两年间发现的风险行为差异。1989年对196名珀斯注射吸毒者进行了访谈，1990年使用相同调查问卷对150人进行了访谈，并有38名受访者组成的小群组在这两年间接受了跟踪调查。在群组样本和独立样本中均发现1989年和1990年之间存在显著的注射行为差异。总体而言，这些差异表现为每次注射时使用新针头和注射器的可能性更大，以及1990年比1989年更多地使用漂白剂。表示在1990年改变了吸毒行为的受访者最常见的回答是不再共用针头，而1989年最常见的回答是减少共用。在这两年的两项研究中，与所有性伴侣进行阴道性交时使用避孕套的情况都有所增加。两年间所有新病例的血清阳性率为1.75%。显然，在这两年间，风险行为已朝着更安全的方向发生了显著转变。通过药剂师销售的无菌注射设备需求增加也有客观的确证证据，尽管没有证据表明同期吸毒行为显著增加。结论是应维持并改善无菌针头和注射器的供应，并应强调鼓励注射吸毒者采取更安全性行为。
