Turnbull P J, Power R, Stimson G V
The Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, University of London, UK.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 1996 Sep;15(3):251-60. doi: 10.1080/09595239600185991.
A minority of injecting drug users engage in high risk injecting behaviours when in prison. In the United Kingdom between a quarter and a third of injectors who enter prison inject when in prison, and of these about three-quarters share needles and syringes. In the present study, 44 drug injectors who had been released from prison for no longer than 6 months were recruited and interviewed in three geographical areas in England. Interviewees were asked to recount their experiences of drug use during their most recent period of imprisonment. The majority of interviewees were male (38/44), had a mean age of 28 years, with a mean age of 16 years at first drug use, were primarily opiate users (39) and had multiple imprisonments. All respondents reported drug use when imprisoned and drug injecting was reported by 16 interviewees. Most injected at irregular intervals and at a reduced level, compared with injecting when in the community. Nine reported using needles and syringes that others had previously used. When considering other injecting equipment, more sharing occurred than was actually reported. Much re-use of equipment was viewed simply as "using old works". The sharing of "cookers" and "filters", and drug sharing by "backloading" and "frontloading" were common. The concept of "sharing" tended to be understood by respondents as related to the use of tools of injection (needles and syringes rather than other equipment); the use of tools in the act of injection (rather than for mixing drugs); proximity (multiple use of needles and syringes in the presence of others); temporality (shorter time elapse between consecutive use of needles and syringes previously used by another) and source (hired rather than borrowed or bought). We conclude that syringe sharing is an integral part of drug use and drug injecting in prison. Many of those interviewed displayed a restricted understanding of what denotes syringe sharing. Our data reinforce the need for interventions and initiatives to be developed within prisons to deal with the considerable risk posed by continued injecting drug use.
少数注射吸毒者在监狱中会有高风险注射行为。在英国，入狱的注射吸毒者中有四分之一到三分之一在狱中仍会注射，其中约四分之三会共用针头和注射器。在本研究中，招募了44名出狱不超过6个月的吸毒注射者，并在英格兰的三个地理区域对他们进行了访谈。受访者被要求讲述他们在最近一次入狱期间的吸毒经历。大多数受访者为男性（38/44），平均年龄28岁，首次吸毒时的平均年龄为16岁，主要使用阿片类药物（39人），且多次入狱。所有受访者均报告在狱中吸毒，16名受访者报告有注射行为。与在社区注射时相比，大多数人注射间隔不规律且剂量减少。9人报告使用过他人用过的针头和注射器。在考虑其他注射设备时，实际报告的共用情况比实际发生的要少。许多设备的重复使用仅仅被视为“用旧工具”。“煮器”和“过滤器”的共用，以及通过“回注”和“前注”进行毒品共享很常见。受访者倾向于将“共享”概念理解为与注射工具（针头和注射器而非其他设备）的使用、注射行为中的工具使用（而非用于混合毒品）、接近程度（在他人在场时多次使用针头和注射器）、时间性（连续使用他人之前用过的针头和注射器的时间间隔较短）以及来源（租用而非借用或购买）有关。我们得出结论，注射器共享是监狱吸毒和注射行为的一个组成部分。许多受访者对什么构成注射器共享的理解有限。我们的数据强化了在监狱内制定干预措施和倡议的必要性，以应对持续注射吸毒带来的巨大风险。
