Mizukami S, Tanaka S, Moriya M
School of Nursing, Fukui Prefectural College, Japan.
Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 1992 May;69(1):1-10. doi: 10.2535/ofaj1936.69.1_1.
The principal aim of this study was to elucidate the general features of the inferior phrenic artery (IPA) of female rats which retain the original embryonic configuration of this artery. The artery of the right side was found to be detached from the renal artery, while that of the left side arose from the aorta. Between these fellow arteries, however, no essential morphological differences were discernible. At some point not far from their origin, they were found to break up into the ascending, suprarenal, suprareno genital and descending arteries. The ascending artery of the right side coursed along with the phrenic nerve, and vascularized a greatest portion of the total area of the partes sternalis et costalis of the diaphragm. Furthermore, the artery was found to be intimately associated with the inferior caval vein. Thus, it could be assumed that this artery of adult rats has been embryologically related to the musculus diaphragmaticus, transverse septum, ventral pleuroperitoneal fold, and the caval venous mesentery. The suprarenal artery took its course along the superior margin of this gland to reach the lateroinferior part of the pars costalis of the diaphragm. Its course and destination strongly indicates that in its development the suprarenal artery has been intimately related to the formation of the ventral pleuroperitoneal fold. The suprarenogenital artery was characterized as giving off a genital branch which entered first the diaphragmogenital ligament, and then took a descending course toward the ovary, in a quite similar manner of origin and course to those of the aberrant gonadal (testicular and gonadal) arteries observed in Japanese human adults (Shinohara et al., 1990; Hanie, to be published). The descending artery was observed to be closely associated with the major splanchnic nerve and the celiac ganglion. The variability of arteries of the IPA of female rats and also of humans, seems to reflect dramatic changes which have occurred in the early stages of development, and have influenced more or less the morphology of the uppermost abdominal anlages of the followings: transverse septum, musculus diaphragmaticus, dorsal and ventral pleuroperitoneal folds, suprarenal gland and celiac ganglion, urogenital organs, inferior caval vein in the caval venous mesentery. In conclusion, it could be said that the anatomy of female rats provide us valuable clues as to the essential configuration of the IPA of humans and the relationships of the IPA to structures which are thought to be directly involved in the development of this artery.
本研究的主要目的是阐明保留该动脉原始胚胎形态的雌性大鼠膈下动脉（IPA）的一般特征。发现右侧动脉与肾动脉分离，而左侧动脉起源于主动脉。然而，在这些同源动脉之间，没有明显的形态学差异。在离它们起源不远的某个点，发现它们分成升动脉、肾上腺动脉、肾上腺生殖动脉和降动脉。右侧的升动脉与膈神经伴行，并为膈的胸骨部和肋部的大部分区域供血。此外，发现该动脉与下腔静脉密切相关。因此，可以推测成年大鼠的这条动脉在胚胎学上与膈肌、横隔、腹侧胸膜腹膜褶和腔静脉系膜有关。肾上腺动脉沿着该腺体的上缘走行，到达膈肋部的后下部。它的走行和终点强烈表明，在其发育过程中，肾上腺动脉与腹侧胸膜腹膜褶的形成密切相关。肾上腺生殖动脉的特征是发出一条生殖支，该生殖支首先进入膈生殖韧带，然后以与日本成年人类中观察到的异常性腺（睾丸和生殖腺）动脉非常相似的起源和走行方式向下走向卵巢（Shinohara等人，1990年；Hanie，待发表）。观察到降动脉与内脏大神经和腹腔神经节密切相关。雌性大鼠和人类的IPA动脉的变异性似乎反映了在发育早期发生的剧烈变化，这些变化或多或少影响了以下最上腹部原基的形态：横隔、膈肌、背侧和腹侧胸膜腹膜褶、肾上腺和腹腔神经节、泌尿生殖器官、腔静脉系膜中的下腔静脉。总之，可以说雌性大鼠的解剖结构为我们提供了关于人类IPA的基本形态以及IPA与被认为直接参与该动脉发育的结构之间关系的有价值线索。
