Kimura K, Konishi M
Department of Anatomy, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 1992 May;69(1):11-4. doi: 10.2535/ofaj1936.69.1_11.
As for the first capitular joint, Ohman (1986) claimed that a univertebral type is unique to modern and fossil hominids among primates. Stern and Jungers (1990) compiled the data in a wider range of primate and demonstrated as follows. The univertebral type, rather than being unique to hominids, is common among siamang, occurs in an occasional gibbon, and is typical of the larger indriids. We added the data of genera of Cebidae and Cercopithecidae to that observation, and found that the univertebral type is also typical of the Pithecia in Cebidae and Papio and Cercopithecus in Cercopithecidae. We also found that the bivertebral type occurs in 19.4% of Homo. Gloobe and Nathan (1970) had already observed that most mammals have a full facet for the first rib and a hemifacet for the second in the first thoracic vertebra. Accordingly, it seems that Ohman's claim is not applicable for nonhominoid primates and for mammals.
至于第一颈椎关节，奥曼（1986年）声称，单椎体类型在灵长类动物中是现代和化石类人猿所特有的。斯特恩和荣格斯（1990年）收集了更广泛的灵长类动物的数据，并证明如下。单椎体类型并非类人猿所特有，在合趾猿中很常见，偶尔出现在长臂猿中，并且是大型大狐猴科的典型特征。我们将卷尾猴科和猕猴科属的数据加入到该观察结果中，发现单椎体类型在卷尾猴科的伶猴属以及猕猴科的狒狒属和猕猴属中也是典型特征。我们还发现双椎体类型出现在19.4%的人类中。格洛布和内森（1970年）已经观察到，大多数哺乳动物的第一胸椎有一个完整的第一肋小面和一个第二肋半小面。因此，奥曼的说法似乎不适用于非类人猿灵长类动物和哺乳动物。
