Fuerst-Waltl Birgit, Schwarzenbacher Hermann, Perner Christa, Sölkner Johann
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, Gregor Mendel-Str. 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2006 Sep;95(1-2):27-37. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.09.002. Epub 2005 Oct 3.
More than 90% of the breeding stock of Austrian dual purpose Simmental cows is artificially inseminated. Knowledge of factors affecting sperm production and semen quality is of importance with regard to reproductive efficiency and thus genetic improvement as well as for the productivity and profitability of AI centers. Hence, semen data from two Austrian AI centres collected in the years 2000 and 2001 were evaluated. In total, 3625 and 3654 ejaculates from 147 and 127 AI bulls, respectively, were analysed regarding ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, percentage of viable spermatozoa in the ejaculate, total spermatozoa per ejaculate and motility. Effects accounted for were the bull (random), age of bull, collection interval, number of collection on collection day, bull handler, semen collector, temperature on day of semen collection, in the course of epididymal maturation (average temperature of days 1-11 before collection) and during spermatogenesis (average temperature of days 12-65 before collection). Age of bull significantly affected all traits (P<0.01 to P<0.001) except motility score in center 2. Ejaculate volume and total number of spermatozoa increased with age of bull while sperm concentration was lower in higher age classes (center 1). The collection team was also found to significantly influence semen quality traits. With increasing collection interval ejaculate volume and total number of spermatozoa increased significantly (P<0.05 to P<0.001) while collection intervals between 4-9 days and 1-6 days were superior with regard to sperm concentration and percentage of viable spermatozoa, respectively (P<0.10 to P<0.001). First ejaculates were superior with respect to ejaculate volumes, sperm concentrations and total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate (P<0.001). Temperature, either on day of semen collection or during epididymal maturation or spermatogenesis, had important but inconsistent effects on semen production and sperm quality. Overall, however, ambient temperatures in the range of 5-15 degrees C were found to be optimal for semen production.
奥地利兼用型西门塔尔牛超过90%的种畜采用人工授精。了解影响精子生成和精液质量的因素对于繁殖效率、进而对于遗传改良以及人工授精中心的生产力和盈利能力都很重要。因此，对2000年和2001年从奥地利两个人工授精中心收集的精液数据进行了评估。总共分别对来自147头和127头人工授精公牛的3625份和3654份射精样本进行了射精量、精子浓度、射精中活精子百分比、每次射精总精子数和活力分析。考虑的影响因素有公牛（随机）、公牛年龄、采集间隔、采集日采集次数、公牛饲养员、精液采集员、精液采集日温度、附睾成熟过程中（采集前1 - 11天的平均温度）以及精子发生过程中（采集前12 - 65天的平均温度）。公牛年龄对除中心2的活力评分外的所有性状均有显著影响（P<0.01至P<0.001）。射精量和总精子数随公牛年龄增加而增加，而在年龄较大的类别中精子浓度较低（中心1）。还发现采集团队对精液质量性状有显著影响。随着采集间隔增加，射精量和总精子数显著增加（P<0.05至P<0.001），而采集间隔在4 - 9天和1 - 6天时，分别在精子浓度和活精子百分比方面更优（P<0.10至P<0.001）。首次射精在射精量、精子浓度和每次射精总精子数方面更优（P<0.001）。精液采集日、附睾成熟过程中或精子发生过程中的温度对精液生成和精子质量有重要但不一致的影响。然而，总体而言，发现5 - 15摄氏度的环境温度最适合精液生成。
