Krinsky-McHale Sharon J, Kittler Phyllis, Brown W Ted, Jenkins Edmund C, Devenny Darlynne A
Department of Psychology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314-6399, USA.
Am J Ment Retard. 2005 Nov;110(6):482-96. doi: 10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110[482:RPIAWW]2.0.CO;2.
We examined implicit and explicit memory in adults with Williams syndrome. An age-related dissociation was found; repetition priming (reflecting implicit memory) did not show change with age, but free recall (reflecting explicit memory) was markedly reduced. We also compared the performance of adults with Williams syndrome to adults with Down syndrome and those with unspecified mental retardation. A similar dissociation was observed in adults with Down syndrome but not in adults with unspecified mental retardation. An IQ-related dissociation was also found. Implicit and explicit memory, therefore, show different degrees of association with age and IQ, supporting theories of these memory processes. Results also suggest that Williams syndrome, similar to Down syndrome, may be associated with precocious aging, resulting in the loss of some cognitive abilities.
我们对患有威廉姆斯综合征的成年人的内隐记忆和外显记忆进行了研究。发现了一种与年龄相关的分离现象；重复启动效应（反映内隐记忆）并未随年龄变化，但自由回忆（反映外显记忆）显著下降。我们还将患有威廉姆斯综合征的成年人的表现与患有唐氏综合征的成年人以及患有未明确诊断智力障碍的成年人进行了比较。在患有唐氏综合征的成年人中观察到了类似的分离现象，但在患有未明确诊断智力障碍的成年人中未观察到。还发现了一种与智商相关的分离现象。因此，内隐记忆和外显记忆与年龄和智商表现出不同程度的关联，这支持了关于这些记忆过程的理论。结果还表明，威廉姆斯综合征与唐氏综合征相似，可能与早衰有关，导致一些认知能力丧失。
