Ellwart Thomas, Rinck Mike, Becker Eni S
Department of General Psychology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Depress Anxiety. 2003;17(4):197-206. doi: 10.1002/da.10102.
We investigated memory impairment and mood-congruent memory bias in depression, using an explicit memory test and an implicit one. Thirty-six severely depressed inpatients that fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder and 36 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and educational level participated in the study. Explicit memory was assessed with a free recall task and implicit memory with an anagram solution task. Results showed that depressed and controls differed in explicit memory performance, depending on the amount of cognitive distraction between incidental learning and testing. Implicit memory was not affected. In addition, severely depressed patients showed a mood-congruent memory bias in implicit memory but not in explicit memory. The complex pattern of results is discussed with regard to relevant theories of depression.
我们使用一项显性记忆测试和一项隐性记忆测试，对抑郁症患者的记忆损伤和心境一致性记忆偏差进行了调查。36名符合DSM-IV重度抑郁症标准的重度抑郁症住院患者以及36名在性别、年龄和教育水平上相匹配的健康对照者参与了该研究。显性记忆通过自由回忆任务进行评估，隐性记忆通过字谜解决任务进行评估。结果显示，根据附带学习和测试之间认知干扰的程度，抑郁症患者和对照组在显性记忆表现上存在差异。隐性记忆未受影响。此外，重度抑郁症患者在隐性记忆中表现出心境一致性记忆偏差，但在显性记忆中未表现出。我们结合抑郁症的相关理论对这一复杂的结果模式进行了讨论。
