van Grootheest Daniël S, Cath Daniëlle C, Beekman Aartjan T, Boomsma Dorret I
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2005 Oct;8(5):450-8. doi: 10.1375/183242705774310060.
Genetic factors have historically been thought of as important in the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). For the estimation of the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors, twin studies are an obvious approach. Twin studies of OCD have a long history, starting in 1929. In this review, over 70 years of twin research of OCD is presented, using four different approaches that represent the steps in the twin research of OCD from past to present. These steps include (1) case-studies of twins with OCD from the old literature; (2) twin studies of OCD using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria; (3) twin studies of OCD using a dimensional approach, comparing resemblances in monozygotic and dizygotic twins; and (4) twin studies of OCD using a dimensional approach, analyzing the data with Structural Equation Modeling. It is concluded that only the studies using the last method have convincingly shown that, in children, obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms are heritable, with genetic influences in the range of 45% to 65%. In adults, studies are suggestive for a genetic influence on OC symptoms, ranging from 27% to 47%, but a large twin study using a biometrical approach with continuous data is still needed to provide conclusive evidence. Strategies for future twin studies of OCD are discussed.
从历史上看，遗传因素一直被认为在强迫症（OCD）的发病过程中起着重要作用。为了评估遗传因素和环境因素的相对重要性，双胞胎研究是一种显而易见的方法。对强迫症的双胞胎研究历史悠久，始于1929年。在这篇综述中，呈现了70多年来对强迫症的双胞胎研究，采用了四种不同的方法，这些方法代表了从过去到现在强迫症双胞胎研究的各个阶段。这些阶段包括：（1）旧文献中对患有强迫症的双胞胎的个案研究；（2）使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM）标准对强迫症进行的双胞胎研究；（3）采用维度方法对强迫症进行的双胞胎研究，比较同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎之间的相似性；（4）采用维度方法对强迫症进行的双胞胎研究，使用结构方程模型分析数据。得出的结论是，只有使用最后一种方法的研究令人信服地表明，在儿童中，强迫症状是可遗传的，遗传影响范围在45%至65%之间。在成年人中，研究表明遗传因素对强迫症状有影响，范围在27%至47%之间，但仍需要一项使用生物统计学方法处理连续数据的大型双胞胎研究来提供确凿证据。文中还讨论了未来强迫症双胞胎研究的策略。
