Ryan Christopher M
Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Neurobiol Aging. 2005 Dec;26 Suppl 1:21-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.09.006. Epub 2005 Oct 6.
Type 1 diabetes is associated with cognitive changes in children and adults, but the extent to which cognition declines with increasing age, and increasing duration of diabetes, remains poorly understood. This cross-sectional study assessed neuropsychological performance on 200 diabetic and 175 nondiabetic adults, 18-64 years of age, stratified into five age bands. Similar age-related cognitive declines were seen on measures of problem-solving, learning and memory, and psychomotor speed, but it was only on the latter measure that diabetic and nondiabetic subjects differed significantly. The best predictor of psychomotor slowing was the presence of clinically significant biomedical complications, particularly proliferative retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). It now appears that psychomotor slowing is the fundamental cognitive deficit associated with diabetes mellitus; why other cognitive skills are relatively unaffected remains poorly understood.
1型糖尿病与儿童及成人的认知变化有关，但对于认知功能随年龄增长以及糖尿病病程延长而下降的程度，人们仍知之甚少。这项横断面研究评估了200名18至64岁的糖尿病成人和175名非糖尿病成人的神经心理表现，这些成人被分为五个年龄组。在解决问题、学习与记忆以及精神运动速度的测量中，均观察到了类似的与年龄相关的认知下降，但只有在精神运动速度这一测量指标上，糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者存在显著差异。精神运动迟缓的最佳预测因素是存在具有临床意义的生物医学并发症，尤其是增殖性视网膜病变、周围神经病变和周围血管疾病（PVD）。现在看来，精神运动迟缓是与糖尿病相关的基本认知缺陷；而其他认知技能相对未受影响的原因仍不清楚。
