Patton C D, Schulman E S
Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Am Fam Physician. 1992 Jul;46(1):233-6.
Pulmonary surfactant is an important chemical component of the lung. It decreases surface tension in the alveolar cells to help stabilize the alveoli, and it may help prevent pulmonary edema. Currently, naturally and synthetically derived surfactants are being used to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, a leading cause of death in premature infants. Surfactant is recommended for prophylactic therapy in infants weighing less than 1,350 g (3 lb) and in infants weighing more than 1,350 g who show signs of pulmonary immaturity and for rescue therapy in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Surfactant is administered by endotracheal tube, and the recommended dose is 5 mg per kg. Three doses, given 12 hours apart, is the recommended regimen for prophylactic therapy. Rescue therapy consists of one dose of surfactant given at the onset of respiratory distress and another dose given 12 hours later.
肺表面活性物质是肺的一种重要化学成分。它可降低肺泡细胞的表面张力，有助于稳定肺泡，还可能有助于预防肺水肿。目前，天然和合成来源的表面活性物质正用于治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征，这是早产儿死亡的主要原因。对于体重小于1350克（3磅）的婴儿以及体重超过1350克但有肺不成熟迹象的婴儿，推荐使用表面活性物质进行预防性治疗；对于患有呼吸窘迫综合征的婴儿，则进行抢救性治疗。表面活性物质通过气管内导管给药，推荐剂量为每千克5毫克。预防性治疗的推荐方案是每隔12小时给予三剂。抢救性治疗包括在呼吸窘迫开始时给予一剂表面活性物质，12小时后再给予一剂。
