Morris Martha Clare, Evans Denis A, Tangney Christine C, Bienias Julia L, Wilson Robert S
Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill 60612, USA.
Arch Neurol. 2005 Dec;62(12):1849-53. doi: 10.1001/archneur.62.12.noc50161. Epub 2005 Oct 10.
Dietary intake of fish and the omega-3 fatty acids have been associated with lower risk of Alzheimer disease and stroke.
To examine whether intakes of fish and the omega-3 fatty acids protect against age-related cognitive decline.
Prospective cohort study.
Geographically defined Chicago, Ill, community.
Residents, 65 years and older, who participated in the Chicago Health and Aging Project.
Change in a global cognitive score estimated from mixed models. The global score was computed by summing scores of 4 standardized tests. In-home cognitive assessments were performed 3 times over 6 years of follow-up.
Cognitive scores declined on average at a rate of 0.04 standardized units per year (SU/y). Fish intake was associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline in mixed models adjusted for age, sex, race, education, cognitive activity, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and total energy intake. Compared with a decline rate in score of -0.100 SU/y among persons who consumed fish less than weekly, the rate was 10% slower (-0.090 SU/y) among persons who consumed 1 fish meal per week and 13% slower (-0.088 SU/y) among persons who consumed 2 or more fish meals per week. The fish association was not accounted for by cardiovascular-related conditions or fruit and vegetable consumption but was modified after adjustment for intakes of saturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats. There was little evidence that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were associated with cognitive change.
Fish consumption may be associated with slower cognitive decline with age. Further study is needed to determine whether fat composition is the relevant dietary constituent.
鱼类和ω-3脂肪酸的饮食摄入与较低的阿尔茨海默病和中风风险相关。
研究鱼类和ω-3脂肪酸的摄入是否能预防与年龄相关的认知衰退。
前瞻性队列研究。
伊利诺伊州芝加哥市按地理位置界定的社区。
参与芝加哥健康与老龄项目的65岁及以上居民。
通过混合模型估计的总体认知评分变化。总体评分通过对4项标准化测试的分数求和计算得出。在6年的随访期间进行了3次居家认知评估。
认知评分平均每年下降0.04个标准化单位（SU/y）。在对年龄、性别、种族、教育程度、认知活动、身体活动、饮酒量和总能量摄入进行调整的混合模型中，鱼类摄入与认知衰退速度较慢相关。与每周食用鱼类少于一次的人评分下降率-0.100 SU/y相比，每周食用1次鱼餐的人下降率慢10%（-0.090 SU/y），每周食用2次或更多次鱼餐的人下降率慢13%（-0.088 SU/y）。鱼类的这种关联并非由心血管相关疾病或水果和蔬菜的摄入量所解释，但在对饱和脂肪、多不饱和脂肪和反式脂肪的摄入量进行调整后有所改变。几乎没有证据表明ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸与认知变化有关。
食用鱼类可能与随年龄增长认知衰退较慢有关。需要进一步研究以确定脂肪成分是否是相关的饮食成分。
