Seoul Heal Mental Health Clinic, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea.
BMC Med. 2024 Mar 12;22(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03296-0.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been suggested as a cognitive enhancing agent, though their effect is doubtful. We aimed to examine the effect of n-3 PUFA on the cognitive function of middle-aged or older adults without dementia.
We reviewed randomized controlled trials of individuals aged 40 years or older. We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. We used the restricted cubic splines model for non-linear dose-response meta-analysis in terms of the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals.
The current meta-analysis on 24 studies (n 9660; follow-up 3 to 36 months) found that the beneficial effect on executive function demonstrates an upward trend within the initial 12 months of intervention. This effect is prominently observed with a daily intake surpassing 500 mg of n-3 PUFA and up to 420 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Furthermore, these trends exhibit heightened significance in regions where the levels of blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + EPA are not very low.
Supplementation of n-3 PUFA may confer potential benefits to executive function among the middle-aged and elderly demographic, particularly in individuals whose dietary DHA + EPA level is not substantially diminished.
ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3PUFA）被认为是一种增强认知的药物，但它们的效果尚不确定。我们旨在研究 n-3PUFA 对无痴呆的中年或老年人群认知功能的影响。
我们对年龄在 40 岁或以上的个体进行了随机对照试验的综述。我们系统地检索了 PubMed/MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL、PsycINFO 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库。我们使用受限立方样条模型进行非线性剂量-反应荟萃分析，以标准化均数差和 95%置信区间表示。
本荟萃分析纳入了 24 项研究（n=9660；随访 3 至 36 个月），结果表明，在干预的最初 12 个月内，执行功能的有益影响呈上升趋势。这种效果在每日摄入 n-3PUFA 超过 500mg 和 EPA 超过 420mg 时尤为明显。此外，在血液二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）+EPA 水平不非常低的地区，这些趋势更为显著。
n-3PUFA 的补充可能对中年和老年人群的执行功能有潜在益处，特别是在那些饮食中 DHA+EPA 水平没有明显降低的人群中。
