Doern G
Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655.
Am J Med. 1992 Jun 22;92(6A):7S-15S. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(92)90601-7.
Loracarbef is a new oral antimicrobial of the carbacephem class with in vitro activity against the common pathogens associated with skin infections, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchopulmonary infections, and urinary tract infections. A review of the literature shows the following ranges for 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) values (microgram/mL) against the organisms that commonly cause these illnesses: Streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.25-2.0; Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis (beta-lactamase positive), 0.5-8.0; M. catarrhalis (beta-lactamase negative), 0.12-0.25; Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive), 0.5-16.0; H. influenzae (beta-lactamase negative), 0.25-8.0; Escherichia coli, 2.0-25; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0.25-8.0; Proteus mirabilis, 1.0-8.0; Streptococcus pyogenes, less than or equal to 0.06-1.0; Staphylococcus aureus (beta-lactamase positive), 8.0; S. aureus (beta-lactamase negative), 1.0-2.0. The in vitro activity of loracarbef against these common outpatient pathogens is similar to that of other oral antimicrobials such as cefaclor, cefuroxime axetil, cefixime, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The results of in vitro susceptibility tests with any antimicrobial, including loracarbef, are somewhat dependent on the specific test method that is employed in the laboratory. This is particularly true with H. influenzae. Furthermore, the results of loracarbef susceptibility tests are of uncertain value in predicting therapeutic outcome.
氯碳头孢是一种新型口服碳头孢烯类抗菌药物，对与皮肤感染、中耳炎、鼻窦炎、支气管肺部感染及尿路感染相关的常见病原体具有体外活性。文献综述显示，针对通常引发这些疾病的病原体，其90%最低抑菌浓度（MIC90）值（微克/毫升）范围如下：肺炎链球菌，0.25 - 2.0；卡他莫拉菌（β-内酰胺酶阳性），0.5 - 8.0；卡他莫拉菌（β-内酰胺酶阴性），0.12 - 0.25；流感嗜血杆菌（β-内酰胺酶阳性），0.5 - 16.0；流感嗜血杆菌（β-内酰胺酶阴性），0.25 - 8.0；大肠埃希菌，2.0 - 25；肺炎克雷伯菌，0.25 - 8.0；奇异变形杆菌，1.0 - 8.0；化脓性链球菌，小于或等于0.06 - 1.0；金黄色葡萄球菌（β-内酰胺酶阳性），8.0；金黄色葡萄球菌（β-内酰胺酶阴性），1.0 - 2.0。氯碳头孢对这些常见门诊病原体的体外活性与其他口服抗菌药物如头孢克洛、头孢呋辛酯、头孢克肟、阿莫西林/克拉维酸及甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑相似。包括氯碳头孢在内的任何抗菌药物的体外药敏试验结果在一定程度上取决于实验室采用的具体试验方法。对于流感嗜血杆菌尤其如此。此外，氯碳头孢药敏试验结果在预测治疗效果方面价值不确定。
