Cortese Samuele, Konofal Eric, Lecendreux Michel, Arnulf Isabelle, Mouren Marie-Christine, Darra Francesca, Dalla Bernardina Bernardo
Service de Psychopathologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.
Sleep. 2005 Aug 1;28(8):1007-13. doi: 10.1093/sleep/28.8.1007.
To review evidence on the association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to discuss the hypothetical mechanisms underlying this association, and to consider the potential interest for common pharmacologic treatments of RLS and ADHD when co-occurring.
A PubMed search.
In clinical samples, up to 44% of subjects with ADHD have been found to have RLS or RLS symptoms, and up to 26% of subjects with RLS have been found to have ADHD or ADHD symptoms. Several mechanisms may explain this association. Sleep disruption associated with RLS might lead to inattentiveness, moodiness, and paradoxical overactivity. Diurnal manifestations of RLS, such as restlessness and inattention, might mimic ADHD symptoms. Alternatively, RLS might be comorbid with idiopathic ADHD. Subjects with RLS and a subset of subjects with ADHD might share a common dopamine dysfunction. Limited evidence suggests that some dopaminergic agents, such as levodopa/carbidopa, pergolide, and ropinirole, may be effective in children with RLS associated with ADHD symptoms.
Although still limited, evidence from clinical studies demonstrates an association between RLS and ADHD or ADHD symptoms. Further clinical studies using standard criteria and procedures are needed to better estimate the degree of association. Epidemiologic studies are required to assess the relationship between ADHD and RLS symptoms in nonclinical samples. Further investigations should address the mechanisms underlying the relationship between RLS and ADHD. Several dopaminergic agents seem to be promising treatment for RLS associated with ADHD symptoms. To date, however, the absence of randomized and blinded controlled studies does not allow evidence-based recommendations.
回顾不宁腿综合征（RLS）与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）之间关联的证据，讨论这种关联潜在的机制，并考虑RLS和ADHD共病时常见药物治疗的潜在意义。
进行PubMed检索。
在临床样本中，高达44%的ADHD患者被发现患有RLS或RLS症状，高达26%的RLS患者被发现患有ADHD或ADHD症状。几种机制可以解释这种关联。与RLS相关的睡眠中断可能导致注意力不集中、情绪不稳定和反常多动。RLS的日间表现，如坐立不安和注意力不集中，可能类似ADHD症状。或者，RLS可能与特发性ADHD共病。RLS患者和一部分ADHD患者可能存在共同的多巴胺功能障碍。有限的证据表明，一些多巴胺能药物，如左旋多巴/卡比多巴、培高利特和罗匹尼罗，可能对伴有ADHD症状的RLS儿童有效。
尽管证据仍然有限，但临床研究证据表明RLS与ADHD或ADHD症状之间存在关联。需要进一步采用标准标准和程序的临床研究，以更好地估计关联程度。需要进行流行病学研究，以评估非临床样本中ADHD与RLS症状之间的关系。进一步的研究应探讨RLS与ADHD之间关系的潜在机制。几种多巴胺能药物似乎有望治疗伴有ADHD症状的RLS。然而，迄今为止，由于缺乏随机双盲对照研究，无法给出基于证据的建议。
