Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
Child and Adolescent Affective Disorder Program (PRATA), Department and Institute of Psychiatry at University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Children Institute, HCFMUSP, Brazil.
Sleep Med Rev. 2023 Jun;69:101770. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101770. Epub 2023 Feb 27.
This systematic review aims to assess the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases were searched for original articles that reported prevalence data on ADHD and RLS until January 24th, 2023. Two independent reviewers evaluated the quality of the articles using the National Institutes of Health assessment tool. Among the 208 articles identified between 1996 and 2022, 29 were included. In large general population studies, 2.6-15.3% of participants met the RLS criteria, of which 3.2-17.4% presented with ADHD. In the ADHD group, RLS symptoms ranged from 11 to 42.9% in children and 20-33.0% in adults. This suggests a strong co-occurrence between RLS and ADHD. A common characteristic of these conditions is sleep fragmentation, as discussed in the reviewed papers. Although large-scale studies with comparable diagnostic criteria across the lifespan are required, our findings may advocate a possible common physiological pathway, including sleep fragmentation and dopaminergic system impairment.
本系统评价旨在根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南评估注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 和不安腿综合征 (RLS) 之间的关联。对截至 2023 年 1 月 24 日报告 ADHD 和 RLS 患病率数据的原始文章进行了数据库搜索。两位独立审稿人使用美国国立卫生研究院评估工具评估了文章的质量。在 1996 年至 2022 年间确定的 208 篇文章中，有 29 篇被纳入。在大型一般人群研究中，2.6-15.3%的参与者符合 RLS 标准，其中 3.2-17.4%的参与者患有 ADHD。在 ADHD 组中，儿童的 RLS 症状范围为 11-42.9%，成人的 RLS 症状范围为 20-33.0%。这表明 RLS 和 ADHD 之间存在很强的共病。这些病症的一个共同特征是睡眠碎片化，正如综述论文中所讨论的那样。尽管需要在整个生命周期中具有可比诊断标准的大规模研究，但我们的研究结果可能表明存在可能的共同生理途径，包括睡眠碎片化和多巴胺能系统损伤。
