Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sleep Med. 2019 May;57:115-121. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.039. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are disorders with virtually unknown etiologies. Several studies suggest that these disorders are comorbid. However, previous findings may have been influenced by study participants undergoing medical treatments. Thus, the association between RLS and ADHD needs to be investigated in a large population of individuals, not in continuous medical treatment.
This was a cross-sectional study of 25,336 participants enrolled in the Danish Blood Donor Study from May 1, 2015, to February 1, 2017. Study participants completed the Cambridge-Hopkins RLS questionnaire, reported experience of involuntary leg movements during sleep (ILMS), completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v.1.1 (ASRS), and provided information on sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, whole blood donation history, and self-appraised quality of sleep. Associations between RLS and ADHD symptoms, including subtypes, were examined using multivariate linear- and logistic regression analyses.
Of the 25,336 participants with complete data, 1,322 (5.2%) were classified with RLS, and 653 (2.6%) experienced ADHD symptoms. RLS sufferers were more prone to classify with ADHD according to the full ASRS (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 3.14-4.0), and they were also more likely to experience ADHD-subtype symptoms (inattention, OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.43-1.90; hyperactivity-impulsivity, OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.66-2.14). Finally, RLS sufferers with ILMS had increased odds for ADHD symptoms compared with RLS sufferers without (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.30-3.55). This was also observed for the hyperactivity-impulsivity subtype (OR = 5.57, 95% CI: 2.14-14.5).
RLS and ADHD are associated and may be comorbid disorders.
不宁腿综合征（RLS）和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是两种病因几乎未知的疾病。有几项研究表明，这两种疾病存在共病现象。然而，以前的发现可能受到接受医学治疗的研究参与者的影响。因此，需要在大量未接受连续医疗治疗的个体中研究 RLS 与 ADHD 之间的关联。
这是一项横断面研究，纳入了 2015 年 5 月 1 日至 2017 年 2 月 1 日期间参加丹麦献血者研究的 25336 名参与者。研究参与者完成了剑桥-霍普金斯 RLS 问卷，报告了睡眠中不自主腿部运动（ILMS）的经历，完成了成人 ADHD 自我报告量表 v.1.1（ASRS），并提供了性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟状况、饮酒情况、全血捐献史以及自我评估的睡眠质量信息。使用多变量线性和逻辑回归分析来检查 RLS 和 ADHD 症状（包括亚型）之间的关联。
在 25336 名有完整数据的参与者中，有 1322 名（5.2%）被归类为 RLS，653 名（2.6%）出现 ADHD 症状。根据完整的 ASRS，RLS 患者更有可能被归类为 ADHD（OR=3.57，95%CI：3.14-4.0），并且他们也更有可能经历 ADHD 亚型症状（注意力不集中，OR=1.66，95%CI：1.43-1.90；多动冲动，OR=1.90，95%CI：1.66-2.14）。最后，与无 ILMS 的 RLS 患者相比，有 ILMS 的 RLS 患者发生 ADHD 症状的可能性更高（OR=2.15，95%CI：1.30-3.55）。这也适用于多动冲动亚型（OR=5.57，95%CI：2.14-14.5）。
RLS 和 ADHD 相关，可能是共病的。
