Bedford Helen
Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London.
Nurs Times. 2005;101(39):53-4, 56.
Mumps is a moderately infectious disease caused by a virus of the paramyxovirus group. The infection is spread by airborne droplets and possibly also by urine. The first symptoms occur after an incubation period of 15-24 days (median 19 days) (Richardson et al, 2001). After a prodromal (warning signs) period of several days with non-specific flu-like symptoms of headache and fever, the classic swelling of the parotid glands (salivary glands) develops. The swelling may be unilateral or, in 90 per cent of cases, bilateral. It is accompanied by abdominal pain and headache and usually resolves in 7-10 days. However, there may be other symptoms of mumps without parotid swelling. Almost one-third of mumps infections are subclinical or mild, with non-specific symptoms, and are never diagnosed as mumps (Gupta et al, 2005).
腮腺炎是由副粘病毒组病毒引起的一种中度传染性疾病。感染通过空气飞沫传播，也可能通过尿液传播。最初症状在15 - 24天的潜伏期（中位数为19天）后出现（理查森等人，2001年）。在出现数天的前驱期（警示症状），伴有头痛和发热等非特异性流感样症状后，腮腺（唾液腺）会出现典型肿胀。肿胀可能是单侧的，或者在90%的病例中是双侧的。它伴有腹痛和头痛，通常在7 - 10天内消退。然而，腮腺炎可能存在没有腮腺肿胀的其他症状。几乎三分之一的腮腺炎感染是亚临床或轻度的，伴有非特异性症状，从未被诊断为腮腺炎（古普塔等人，2005年）。
