Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Jun 15;50(12):1619-28. doi: 10.1086/652770.
The 2006 mumps resurgence in the United States raised questions about the appropriate isolation period for people with mumps. To determine the scientific basis for isolation recommendations, we conducted a literature review and considered isolation of virus and virus load in saliva and respiratory secretions as factors that were related to mumps transmission risk. Although mumps virus has been isolated from 7 days before through 8 days after parotitis onset, the highest percentage of positive isolations and the highest virus loads occur closest to parotitis onset and decrease rapidly thereafter. Most transmission likely occurs before and within 5 days of parotitis onset. Transmission can occur during the prodromal phase and with subclinical infections. Updated guidance, released in 2007-2008, changed the mumps isolation period from 9 to 5 days. It is now recommended that mumps patients be isolated and standard and droplet precautions be followed for 5 days after parotitis onset.
2006 年美国腮腺炎疫情的复发引发了人们对腮腺炎患者适当隔离期的疑问。为了确定隔离建议的科学依据，我们进行了文献回顾，并考虑了唾液和呼吸道分泌物中病毒和病毒载量作为与腮腺炎传播风险相关的因素。虽然腮腺炎病毒已从腮腺炎发病前 7 天到发病后 8 天被分离出来，但阳性分离率和病毒载量最高的时期最接近腮腺炎发病，此后迅速下降。大多数传播可能发生在腮腺炎发病前和发病后 5 天内。传播可能发生在前驱期和亚临床感染期。2007-2008 年发布的最新指南将腮腺炎的隔离期从 9 天改为 5 天。现在建议腮腺炎患者在发病后隔离 5 天，并采取标准和飞沫预防措施。
