Jhee Edward M, Boyd Robert S, Eubanks Micky D
Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849-5407, USA.
New Phytol. 2005 Nov;168(2):331-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01504.x.
No study of a single nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator species has investigated the impact of hyperaccumulation on herbivores representing a variety of feeding modes. Streptanthus polygaloides plants were grown on high- or low-Ni soils and a series of no-choice and choice feeding experiments was conducted using eight arthropod herbivores. Herbivores used were two leaf-chewing folivores (the grasshopper Melanoplus femurrubrum and the lepidopteran Evergestis rimosalis), a dipteran rhizovore (the cabbage maggot Delia radicum), a xylem-feeder (the spittlebug Philaenus spumarius), two phloem-feeders (the aphid, Lipaphis erysimi and the spidermite Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and two cell-disruptors (the bug Lygus lineolaris and the whitefly Tetranychus urticae). Hyperaccumulated Ni significantly decreased survival of the leaf-chewers and rhizovore, and significantly reduced population growth of the whitefly cell-disruptor. However, vascular tissue-feeding insects were unaffected by hyperaccumulated Ni, as was the bug cell-disruptor. We conclude that Ni can defend against tissue-chewing herbivores but is ineffective against vascular tissue-feeding herbivores. The effects of Ni on cell-disruptors varies, as a result of either variation of insect Ni sensitivity or the location of Ni in S. polygaloides cells and tissues.
尚未有针对单一镍（Ni）超积累植物物种的研究，探究超积累对代表多种取食方式的食草动物的影响。将多花链花草（Streptanthus polygaloides）种植在高镍或低镍土壤上，并使用8种植食性节肢动物进行了一系列无选择和有选择的取食实验。所使用的食草动物包括两种咀嚼叶片的食叶动物（蝗虫红腿蝗（Melanoplus femurrubrum）和鳞翅目昆虫条纹夜蛾（Evergestis rimosalis））、一种双翅目食根动物（甘蓝蝇（Delia radicum））、一种取食木质部的动物（吹沫虫（Philaenus spumarius））、两种取食韧皮部的动物（蚜虫萝卜蚜（Lipaphis erysimi）和叶螨二斑叶螨（Trialeurodes vaporariorum））以及两种破坏细胞的动物（盲蝽牧草盲蝽（Lygus lineolaris）和粉虱二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae））。超积累的镍显著降低了咀嚼叶片动物和食根动物的存活率，并显著抑制了粉虱这种破坏细胞动物的种群增长。然而，取食维管组织的昆虫不受超积累镍的影响，破坏细胞的盲蝽也是如此。我们得出结论，镍可以抵御咀嚼组织的食草动物，但对取食维管组织的食草动物无效。镍对破坏细胞动物的影响各不相同，这是由于昆虫对镍的敏感性差异，或者镍在多花链花草细胞和组织中的位置不同所致。
