Raspotnig Guenther, Fauler Guenter, Leis Matthias, Leis Hans-Joerg
Institute of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University, Universitaetsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
J Chem Ecol. 2005 Jun;31(6):1353-68. doi: 10.1007/s10886-005-5291-4.
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses of the scent gland secretions of Siro duricorius and S. exilis (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Sironidae) revealed a set of 24 components, comprising a series of saturated and unsaturated methyl ketones (C11-C15) and four naphthoquinones. Whereas the scent gland secretions of S. duricorius, collected in Austria, and S. exilis from USA were qualitatively nearly indistinguishable (with the exception of acetophenone that was specific to S. duricorius), they distinctly differed in their relative quantitative compositions: major components of the secretion of S. duricorius were 7-tridecen-2-one, tridecan-2-one, undecan-2-one, 1,4-naphthoquinone, 6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (tentatively identified only), and 4-chloro-1,2-naphthoquinone. In contrast, in S. exilis a compound tentatively identified as 6-methyl-4-chloro-1,2-naphthoquinone was present in large amounts (in S. duricorius a trace component), whereas undecan-2-one only occurred in minor quantities. Secretion profiles of juveniles and adults (both sexes) of each species showed high correspondence. This is the first report on the chemistry of scent gland secretions of the opilionid suborder Cyphophthalmi. 4-Chloro-1,2-naphthoquinone was identified as a new exocrine product of arthropods, whereas 1,4-naphthoquinone and the tentatively identified 6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone are known constituents of exocrine secretions from one species of palpatorid opilionids, Phalangium opilio. In contrast, all ketones identified were new for opilionid scent glands, although similar ketones are characteristic of scent gland secretions of palpatorid genera Leiobunum and Hadrobunus. With regard to the near-basic position of Cyphophthalmi in currently proposed phylogenetic trees of Opiliones, naphthoquinones and ketones from Siro may represent the condition ancestral to the (derived) naphthoquinone- and ketone-rich secretions in phalangid Palpatores.
对硬壳西罗蛛（Siro duricorius）和纤小西罗蛛（S. exilis）（蛛形纲，幽灵蛛目，西罗蛛科）气味腺分泌物进行的气相色谱 - 质谱分析显示，其分泌物由24种成分组成，包括一系列饱和和不饱和甲基酮（C11 - C15）以及四种萘醌。虽然在奥地利采集的硬壳西罗蛛和来自美国的纤小西罗蛛的气味腺分泌物在定性上几乎无法区分（除了苯乙酮是硬壳西罗蛛特有的），但它们的相对定量组成明显不同：硬壳西罗蛛分泌物的主要成分是7 - 十三碳烯 - 2 - 酮、十三烷 - 2 - 酮、十一烷 - 2 - 酮、1,4 - 萘醌、6 - 甲基 - 1,4 - 萘醌（仅初步鉴定）和4 - 氯 - 1,2 - 萘醌。相比之下，在纤小西罗蛛中，一种初步鉴定为6 - 甲基 - 4 - 氯 - 1,2 - 萘醌的化合物大量存在（在硬壳西罗蛛中为微量成分），而十一烷 - 2 - 酮仅少量出现。每个物种的幼体和成体（两性）的分泌物谱显示出高度一致性。这是关于幽灵蛛目蛛形纲动物气味腺分泌物化学组成的首次报道。4 - 氯 - 1,2 - 萘醌被鉴定为节肢动物的一种新的外分泌产物，而1,4 - 萘醌和初步鉴定的6 - 甲基 - 1,4 - 萘醌是一种触肢类幽灵蛛——长足幽灵蛛（Phalangium opilio）外分泌分泌物的已知成分。相比之下，所有鉴定出的酮类对于幽灵蛛的气味腺来说都是新的，尽管类似酮类是触肢类属——肥腹蛛属（Leiobunum）和壮腹蛛属（Hadrobunus）气味腺分泌物的特征。鉴于幽灵蛛目在目前提出的蛛形纲系统发育树中处于近基部位置，来自西罗蛛的萘醌和酮类可能代表了触肢类触肢蛛中富含（衍生的）萘醌和酮类分泌物的祖先状态。
