Polewka Andrzej, Bolechała Filip, Kołodziej Jan, Chrostek Maj Jan, Groszek Barbara, Trela Franciszek, Foryś Zofia
Department of Clinical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Os. Złotej Jesieni 1, 31-826 Kraków.
Przegl Lek. 2005;62(6):422-6.
The aim of the study was to present the increasingly alarming phenomenon of completed suicide in adolescents and young adults. The material analysed had been drawn from the records of post-mortem examinations conducted by the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Kraków. The analysis covered cases of completed suicide committed by 15-30 years old inhabitants of Kraków or its environs between the September 2002 and the September 2003. The group of subjects analysed comprised 47 individuals (9 females and 38 males); 57.4% of these had resided in a big city (Kraków), and the remaining 42.6%--in villages or little towns near Kraków. The data regarding cases of completed suicide were compared with the data regarding suicide attempts by self-intoxication in the period under consideration, extracted from the documentation of the Department of Clinical Toxicology in Kraków. The latter data encompassed 233 cases of suicide attempts by individuals ranging in age from 15 to 29 years, with females constituting 62.2% of these, and males--37.8%. 65% of the attempters had been residents of Kraków. The analysis of the data from the Institute of Forensic Medicine revealed that nearly half of the suicide victims concerned had been treated for mental disorders, mainly depression and addictive disorders. The occurrence of suicide attempts prior to the fatal act was established in the case of 17 subjects (18.5%). Over half of the subjects (48.9%) committed suicide by hanging themselves, 17%--by falling from a height, 8.6%--by drowning, and 19.1%--by self-intoxication with medicaments. 77.2% of the subjects committed suicide at home. In the case of 23 subjects (48.9%), the post-mortem examination revealed the presence of alcohol. The analysis of the cases of suicide attempts by self-intoxication revealed a significant percentage of depressive disorders (26%)--of high occurrence especially in the case of females, whereas alcohol addiction was the predominant diagnosis in the case of males. Furthermore, the majority of the attempters exhibited situational reactions or personality disorders. Suicide attempts constitute an essential part of the issue of suicide in adolescents and young adults and require further research. What attracts notice, is a high percentage of males among suicide victims, and a high percentage of suicide victims with earlier suicide attempts. The results of the study should be taken into consideration in suicide prevention in groups especially endangered by the risk of completed suicide, such as adolescents and young adults after suicide attempts.
这项研究的目的是呈现青少年和青年中日益令人担忧的自杀既遂现象。所分析的材料取自克拉科夫法医学研究所的尸检记录。分析涵盖了2002年9月至2003年9月期间克拉科夫及其周边地区15至30岁居民的自杀既遂案例。所分析的受试者群体包括47人（9名女性和38名男性）；其中57.4%居住在大城市（克拉科夫），其余42.6%居住在克拉科夫附近的村庄或小镇。将自杀既遂案例的数据与从克拉科夫临床毒理学部门的文件中提取的同期自杀未遂（药物中毒）案例的数据进行了比较。后一组数据包括233例年龄在15至29岁之间的自杀未遂案例，其中女性占62.2%，男性占37.8%。65%的未遂者是克拉科夫居民。法医学研究所的数据分析显示，近一半的自杀受害者曾接受过精神障碍治疗，主要是抑郁症和成瘾性障碍。在17名受试者（18.5%）的案例中确定了在致命行为之前有自杀未遂情况。超过一半的受试者（48.9%）通过上吊自杀，17%从高处坠落自杀，8.6%溺水自杀，19.1%服用药物自杀。77.2%的受试者在家中自杀。在23名受试者（48.9%）的案例中，尸检显示存在酒精。对药物中毒自杀未遂案例的分析显示，抑郁症的比例相当高（26%），在女性中尤为高发，而酒精成瘾是男性的主要诊断结果。此外，大多数未遂者表现出情境反应或人格障碍。自杀未遂是青少年和青年自杀问题的重要组成部分，需要进一步研究。引人注意的是，自杀受害者中男性比例较高，且有过自杀未遂经历的自杀受害者比例较高。在预防自杀方面，尤其是在那些有自杀既遂风险的高危群体（如自杀未遂后的青少年和青年）中，应考虑这项研究的结果。
