Targosz Dorota, Sancewicz-Pach Krystyna, Szkolnicka Beata, Mitrus Malgorzata, Kłys Małgorzata
Poison Information Centre, Chair of Clinical and Environmental Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Przegl Lek. 2005;62(6):446-52.
The pattern (frequency, type of exposure, toxic substance) of adolescent and adult poisonings in Kraków in 2003 is compared with 1983. The analysis includes data for poisoned patients treated at the Kraków Department of Clinical Toxicology and all on the spot fatal cases subjected to post-mortem autopsy and toxicological examinations at the Department of Forensic Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College in both the years. As much as 4341 poisoning cases (2852 males; 1489 females) were treated in 2003 compared with 2132 (1078 males; 1054 females) in 1983. In 1983 in group of 154 poisoned persons who died at the place of accident there were 138 (89.6%) men and 16 (10.4%) women. In 2003 among 121 deaths at the scene there were 93 (76.9%) males and 28 (23.1%) females. Poisonings due to suicidal attempts decreased significantly from 53.6% in 1983 to 19% in 2003. Incidence of poisoning per 10 000 of general Kraków population increased from 36.17 in 1983 to 57 in 2003 or up to 65.7 if the population of adults and teenagers (above 15 years old) was only considered. Pharmaceuticals (40.6%) followed in frequency by ethanol (25%) and ethanol co-ingested with pharmaceuticals (12.2%) and carbon monoxide (10.6%) were the most common reasons for poisoning in 1983. In 2003 the most common cause of poisonings was ethanol (46.2%) followed by pharmaceuticals alone (25%) or co-ingested with ethanol (6.4%) and carbon monoxide (6.2%). An ingestion of mixed pharmaceuticals (55.1%) followed In frequency by non-barbiturate hypnotics and psychotropic drugs (26.3%) were a most common in 1983 whereas a non-barbiturate hypnotics and psychotropic drugs (34.4%) followed by mixed pharmaceuticals (32.9%) in 2003. A mortality both concerning only the people who died in hospital and also those who died on the spot (prior to any treatment) was significantly higher in 1983 compared with 2003.
将2003年克拉科夫青少年和成人中毒的模式（频率、接触类型、有毒物质）与1983年进行了比较。分析包括这两年在克拉科夫临床毒理学部接受治疗的中毒患者的数据，以及所有在雅盖隆大学医学院法医学部进行尸检和毒理学检查的现场死亡病例。2003年共治疗了4341例中毒病例（男性2852例；女性1489例），而1983年为2132例（男性1078例；女性1054例）。1983年，在154名在事故现场死亡的中毒者中，有138名（89.6%）男性和16名（10.4%）女性。2003年，在121例现场死亡病例中，有93名（76.9%）男性和28名（23.1%）女性。因自杀未遂导致的中毒从1983年的53.6%显著下降至2003年的19%。每10000名克拉科夫普通居民中的中毒发生率从1983年的36.17上升至2003年的57，如果仅考虑成年人和青少年（15岁以上）的人口，则高达65.7。1983年，药物中毒（40.6%）最为常见，其次是乙醇中毒（25%）、乙醇与药物共同中毒（12.2%）以及一氧化碳中毒（10.6%）。2003年，中毒的最常见原因是乙醇（46.2%），其次是单独药物中毒（25%）或与乙醇共同中毒（6.4%）以及一氧化碳中毒（6.2%）。1983年，混合药物摄入中毒（55.1%）最为常见，其次是非巴比妥类催眠药和精神药物中毒（26.3%）；而2003年，非巴比妥类催眠药和精神药物中毒（34.4%）最为常见，其次是混合药物摄入中毒（32.9%）。与2003年相比，1983年无论是仅在医院死亡的患者还是在现场（未经任何治疗）死亡的患者，死亡率都显著更高。
