O'Connor Ayrn D, Rusyniak Daniel E, Bruno Askiel
Department of Emergency Medicine, Iniana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2005 Nov;89(6):1343-58. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2005.06.010.
Alcohol and stimulant abuse represents a major cause of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease in young adults. Although mild-to-moderate alcohol consumption has been linked to a decreased risk for stroke and CVD, excessive use is associated with an increased risk for intracranial hemorrhage and cardiomyopathy. Cocaine represents the single largest,cause of medical complications related to illegal drug use. Cocaine has been associated with cerebral infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac arrhythmias. Abuse of amphetamines is associated with complications similar to those of cocaine. The complications associated with stimulant abuse are thought to be primarily mediated through excess catecholamines, resulting in acute arterial hypertension, vasospasm, thrombosis, and accelerated atherosclerosis. Because many complications of alcohol and stimulant abuse are preventable and reversible, it is important to screen for these in patients with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease.
酒精和兴奋剂滥用是年轻成年人脑血管和心血管疾病的主要原因。虽然轻度至中度饮酒与中风和心血管疾病风险降低有关，但过度饮酒会增加颅内出血和心肌病的风险。可卡因是与非法药物使用相关的医疗并发症的最大单一原因。可卡因与脑梗死、颅内出血、心肌梗死、心肌病和心律失常有关。安非他明滥用与可卡因滥用的并发症相似。兴奋剂滥用相关的并发症被认为主要是由过量的儿茶酚胺介导的，导致急性动脉高血压、血管痉挛、血栓形成和动脉粥样硬化加速。由于酒精和兴奋剂滥用的许多并发症是可预防和可逆的，因此对脑血管和心血管疾病患者进行筛查很重要。
