AIDS has a disproportionate effect on persons of Latino origin, who have lower knowledge of AIDS than other ethnic groups. This study assessed AIDS knowledge among Latino adults in New Jersey according to acculturation and socioeconomic status. Data on 121 Latino adults were collected in spring 2000 using bilingual telephone interviews. Respondents were selected using the Census' Latino surname methodology. Items were adapted from the National Health Interview Survey Supplement on AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes and the Marin acculturation scale. AIDS knowledge was more strongly associated with language exposure than with self-assessed English or Spanish language abilities. Low educational attainment and bilingual language exposure were associated with lower AIDS knowledge; when other factors were controlled, place of schooling, length of time in the United States, age and gender were not statistically significant. Transmission of HIV via casual contact was widely misunderstood, but general facts about AIDS and likely means of HIV transmission were well known. AIDS education materials should be designed in both English and Spanish and should take into account the lower educational attainment of recent Latino immigrants.