Cieluch Ude, Charmantier Guy, Grousset Evelyse, Charmantier-Daures Mireille, Anger Klaus
Biologische Anstalt Helgoland/Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, Meeresstation, D-27498 Helgoland, Germany.
Physiol Biochem Zool. 2005 Nov-Dec;78(6):1017-25. doi: 10.1086/432856. Epub 2005 Sep 21.
Aspects of osmoregulation including salinity tolerance, osmoregulatory capacity, location of transporting epithelia, and the expression of the enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase were investigated in the developing brown shrimp, Crangon crangon (L.), from the North Sea. Early developmental stages and large juveniles were exposed to a wide range of salinities for measurement of hemolymph osmolality and survival rates. In media ranging from 17.0 per thousand to 32.2 per thousand, salinity tolerance was generally high (survival rates: 70%-100%) in all developmental stages, but it decreased in media <10.2 per thousand. Zoeal stages and decapodids slightly hyperregulated at 17.0 per thousand and osmoconformed in media > or =25.5 per thousand. At 10.2 per thousand, these stages showed high mortality, and only juveniles survived at 5.3 per thousand. Juveniles hyperregulated at 10.2 per thousand and 17.0 per thousand, osmoconformed at 25.5 per thousand, and hyporegulated in media > or =32.2 per thousand. Large juveniles hyperregulated also at 5.3 per thousand. Expression of the Na+/K+-ATPase and ion-transporting cells was located through immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In zoeae I and VI, a strong immunoreactivity was observed in cells of the inner epithelia of the branchiostegites and in epithelial cells lining the pleurae. Their ultrastructure showed typical features of ion-transporting cells. In decapodids and juveniles, ionocytes and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase remained located in the branchiostegite epithelium, but they disappeared from the pleurae and appeared in the epipodites. In large juveniles, the cells of the gill shaft showed positive immunolabeling and ultrastructural features of ionocytes. In summary, the adult pattern of osmoregulation in C. crangon is accomplished after metamorphosis from a moderately hyperosmoconforming decapodid to an effectively hyper-/hyporegulating juvenile stage. Salinity tolerance and osmoregulatory capacity are closely correlated with the development of ion-transporting cells and the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase.
对来自北海的发育中的褐虾（Crangon crangon (L.)）的渗透调节方面进行了研究，包括耐盐性、渗透调节能力、转运上皮的位置以及Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶的表达。早期发育阶段和大型幼虾暴露于广泛的盐度范围，以测量血淋巴渗透压和存活率。在盐度范围从千分之17.0到千分之32.2的介质中，所有发育阶段的耐盐性通常都很高（存活率：70%-100%），但在盐度低于千分之10.2的介质中耐盐性下降。溞状幼体期和糠虾期在千分之17.0时略有高渗调节，在盐度≥千分之25.5的介质中进行等渗调节。在千分之10.2时，这些阶段显示出高死亡率，只有幼虾在千分之5.3时存活。幼虾在千分之10.2和千分之17.0时进行高渗调节，在千分之25.5时进行等渗调节，在盐度≥千分之32.2的介质中进行低渗调节。大型幼虾在千分之5.3时也进行高渗调节。通过免疫荧光显微镜和透射电子显微镜确定Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶和离子转运细胞的表达位置。在第一期和第六期溞状幼体中，在鳃盖内上皮细胞和胸膜内衬上皮细胞中观察到强烈的免疫反应性。它们的超微结构显示出离子转运细胞的典型特征。在糠虾期和幼虾中，离子细胞和Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶的表达仍位于鳃盖上皮，但它们从胸膜消失并出现在上肢。在大型幼虾中，鳃轴细胞显示出离子细胞的阳性免疫标记和超微结构特征。总之，褐虾的成年渗透调节模式是在从适度高渗调节的糠虾变态为有效高渗/低渗调节的幼虾阶段后完成的。耐盐性和渗透调节能力与离子转运细胞的发育和Na⁺/K⁺-ATP酶的表达密切相关。
