Chadha V K
National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore, India.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2005 Oct;9(10):1072-82.
High prevalence and incidence of disease and a high rate of transmission of infection characterise the tuberculosis (TB) situation in India. Disease surveys conducted in different parts of the country since the 1950s have reported prevalences of smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) of 0.6-7.6 per 1000 population, culture-positive TB of 1.7-9.8 and culture and/or smear-positive TB of 1.8-12.7. The incidence of smear-positive PTB has been observed in the range of 1.0-1.6/1000 and that of culture-positive PTB 1.0-2.5/1000 in the limited number of studies carried out. The annual risk of tuberculous infection (ARTI) had been estimated at 1-2% for most of the tuberculin surveys carried out in different areas over different time periods. During a nationwide study in 2000-2003, the average ARTI in the country was estimated at 1.5%. An increasing trend has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity among TB cases, which has been found to vary between 0.4% and 28.8% in different studies conducted mostly at tertiary health care centres. The proportion of new cases with multidrug resistance (MDR) was relatively low, at 0.5-5.3%. However, the proportion of MDR cases among previously treated cases varied between 8% and 67%.
疾病的高患病率和发病率以及高感染传播率是印度结核病情况的特征。自20世纪50年代以来在该国不同地区进行的疾病调查显示，涂片阳性肺结核（PTB）的患病率为每1000人口0.6 - 7.6例，培养阳性结核病为1.7 - 9.8例，培养和/或涂片阳性结核病为1.8 - 12.7例。在已开展的有限数量研究中，涂片阳性PTB的发病率在1.0 - 1.6/1000范围内，培养阳性PTB的发病率在1.0 - 2.5/1000范围内。在不同时期不同地区进行的大多数结核菌素调查中，结核感染的年风险（ARTI）估计为1 - 2%。在2000 - 2003年的一项全国性研究中，该国的平均ARTI估计为1.5%。在结核病病例中观察到人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）血清阳性率呈上升趋势，在主要在三级医疗中心进行的不同研究中，该率在0.4%至28.8%之间变化。新的耐多药（MDR）病例比例相对较低，为0.5 - 5.3%。然而，既往治疗病例中的MDR病例比例在8%至67%之间变化。
