National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Chenglepattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
PLoS One. 2019 Feb 22;14(2):e0212264. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212264. eCollection 2019.
Community based tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys in ten sites across India during 2006-2012.
To re-analyze data of recent sub-national surveys using uniform statistical methods and obtain a pooled national level estimate of prevalence of TB.
Individuals ≥15 years old were screened by interview for symptoms suggestive of Pulmonary TB (PTB) and history of anti-TB treatment; additional screening by chest radiography was undertaken in five sites. Two sputum specimens were examined by smear and culture among Screen-positives. Prevalence in each site was estimated after imputing missing values to correct for bias introduced by incompleteness of data. In five sites, prevalence was corrected for non-screening by radiography. Pooled prevalence of bacteriologically positive PTB was estimated using Random Effects Model after excluding data from one site. Overall prevalence of TB (all ages, all types) was estimated by adjusting for extra-pulmonary TB and Pediatric TB.
Of 769290 individuals registered, 715989 were screened by interview and 294532 also by radiography. Sputum specimen were examined from 50 852 individuals. Estimated prevalence of smear positive, culture positive and bacteriologically positive PTB varied between 108.4-428.1, 147.9-429.8 and 170.8-528.4 per 100000 populations in different sites. Pooled estimate of prevalence of bacteriologically positive PTB was 350.0 (260.7, 439.0). Overall prevalence of TB was estimated at 300.7 (223.7-377.5) in 2009, the mid-year of surveys. Prevalence was significantly higher in rural compared to urban areas.
TB burden continues to be high in India suggesting further strengthening of TB control activities.
2006 年至 2012 年期间，在印度的十个地点进行了社区为基础的结核病（TB）患病率调查。
使用统一的统计方法重新分析最近的次国家调查数据，并获得全国结核病患病率的综合估计值。
≥15 岁的个体通过访谈筛查有疑似肺结核（PTB）症状和抗结核治疗史的人群；在五个地点进行了额外的 X 光筛查。对 Screen-positives 进行两次痰标本涂片和培养检查。对每个地点的患病率进行估算，方法是对数据缺失值进行插补，以纠正数据不完整带来的偏差。在五个地点，对未进行 X 光筛查的情况进行了患病率校正。在排除一个地点的数据后，使用随机效应模型估计了细菌学阳性 PTB 的综合患病率。通过调整非肺部和儿科结核的比例，估计了所有年龄和所有类型的结核病（TB）的总体患病率。
在登记的 769290 人中，有 715989 人通过访谈进行了筛查，有 294532 人还通过 X 光进行了筛查。从 50852 人检查了痰标本。在不同地点，涂片阳性、培养阳性和细菌学阳性 PTB 的患病率估计值在 108.4-428.1、147.9-429.8 和 170.8-528.4/100000 之间有所不同。细菌学阳性 PTB 的综合患病率估计值为 350.0（260.7，439.0）。2009 年（调查年的中点），总体结核病患病率估计为 300.7（223.7-377.5）。农村地区的患病率明显高于城市地区。
印度的结核病负担仍然很高，这表明需要进一步加强结核病控制活动。
