Eriksson Wiklund Ann-Kristin, Börjesson Therese, Wiklund Stig Johan
Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2006 Jan;52(1):96-9. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.08.023. Epub 2005 Oct 17.
An avoidance test was developed using non-cultured individuals of the sediment dwelling amphipod Monoporeia affinis. As test substance we used zinc pyrithione, an antifouling agent and a common shampoo ingredient. The toxicity to Daphnia and fish is well known but sediment toxicity of this very hydrophobic compound is less known. The preference of juvenile M. affinis was tested in jars, each including 12 petri dishes. In each replicate, half of the petri dishes contained sediment mixed with six concentrations ranging from 0 to 10microg zinc pyrithione per L sediment and half of the petri dishes contained the corresponding sediment-substance mixture plus an extra food addition. The amphipods significantly avoided petri dishes with the three highest concentrations of zinc pyrithione and the calculated EC(50) was 9.65microgL(-1) sediment. No difference in mortality was observed between concentrations. Using the avoidance behaviour in sediment toxicity testing is a simple and cost-effective screening for toxicants.
利用栖息于沉积物中的非培养型近亲单肢虾（Monoporeia affinis）开展了一项回避试验。我们将吡啶硫酮锌用作受试物质，它是一种防污剂，也是洗发水的常见成分。其对水蚤和鱼类的毒性众所周知，但这种疏水性很强的化合物对沉积物的毒性却鲜为人知。在广口瓶中对幼年近亲单肢虾的偏好进行了测试，每个广口瓶包含12个培养皿。在每次重复试验中，一半培养皿装有与六种浓度（范围为每升沉积物含0至10微克吡啶硫酮锌）混合的沉积物，另一半培养皿装有相应的沉积物 - 物质混合物外加额外添加的食物。这些双壳纲动物显著回避了含有最高三种吡啶硫酮锌浓度的培养皿，计算得出的半数有效浓度（EC50）为9.65微克/升沉积物。各浓度之间未观察到死亡率有差异。在沉积物毒性测试中利用回避行为是一种简单且经济高效的毒物筛选方法。
