Lee Jiunn-Fwu, Chang Yi-Tang, Chao Huan-Ping, Huang Hui-Chen, Hsu Ming-Hung
Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan, ROC.
J Hazard Mater. 2006 Feb 28;129(1-3):282-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.09.005. Epub 2005 Oct 17.
A solution property parameter phi was defined to examine the distribution characteristics of organic compounds between the solids and four nonionic surfactant solutions. The studied compounds consisted of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene) and chlorinated pesticides (lindane, alpha-BHC, and heptachlor epoxide), which span several orders of magnitude in terms of water solubility (Sw). The solid samples were composed of a very low organic matter clay (Ca-montmorillonite), and a high organic matter natural soil (Shamou Mountain soil). The surfactants tested included two alkyl chain surfactants and two containing aromatic group surfactants with added concentrations both below and above their critical micelle concentration (CMC). By observing the Kom or Ksf variation, the result indicates, besides the Sw of the organic compounds, the distribution coefficient is regarded as a function of the soil organic matter (SOM) constituents, and the chemical structure of the organic compounds. Also, it can be found the greater phi values represent the higher releasing ratios of the organic compounds from the contaminated soil to groundwater. For the relatively higher Sw compounds, such as BTEX, all of the phi values are close to 1. The phi values for the relatively lower Sw compounds are far greater than 1, and increase with the increasing affinity of the compounds to the surfactants.
定义了一个溶液性质参数φ，以研究有机化合物在固体与四种非离子表面活性剂溶液之间的分布特征。所研究的化合物包括苯系物（苯、甲苯、乙苯和对二甲苯）和氯代农药（林丹、α-六六六和环氧七氯），它们在水溶性（Sw）方面跨越了几个数量级。固体样品由有机质含量极低的粘土（钙蒙脱石）和有机质含量高的天然土壤（沙磨山土壤）组成。所测试的表面活性剂包括两种烷基链表面活性剂和两种含芳基的表面活性剂，添加浓度均低于和高于其临界胶束浓度（CMC）。通过观察Kom或Ksf的变化，结果表明，除了有机化合物的Sw外，分配系数还被视为土壤有机质（SOM）成分和有机化合物化学结构的函数。此外，可以发现，φ值越大，有机化合物从污染土壤向地下水的释放率越高。对于Sw相对较高的化合物，如苯系物，所有的φ值都接近1。Sw相对较低的化合物的φ值远大于1，并随着化合物与表面活性剂亲和力的增加而增加。
